5 Infection of Resp system DISEASES not pneumonia Flashcards
What are viruses classified according to ?
- genome structure
- physiochemical properties
- size (0.1 to 1 μm)
- morphology
- molecular processes
- genetic material
How are viruses classified based on genetic material ?
- RNA (positive ss, negative ss, ambisense ss, ds)
- DNA (ss, ds)
Flu is caused by ..1.. this a …2… RNA virus
- influenza virus
- enveloped negative-sense single-stranded
Influenza virus family ?
Orthomyxoviridae
Which infleunza virus types are responsible for seasonal flu in humans ?
- type A (acquatic birds)
- type B (human)
Type A infleunza virus is classified into subtypes based on what ?
hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins e.g. H1N1
Type B influenza virus is classified by …. e.g….
lineage
B/Victoria
(strain and the origin of where the strain was first found e.g. Victoria being in Australia)
In which cells does a virus in influenza replicate predominately ?
in respiratory epithelial cells
(only site where HA (hemagluttinin) is effectively cleaved )
Infleunza infection risk factors ?
- Pregnancy
- Age (< 5 yrs. or > 65 yrs.)
- Chronic medical conditions
- Immunosuppressive conditions
- Healthcare provision
Complications involved with influenza infections ?
- Acute pneumonia (children/elderly)
- Secondary bacterial infection
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Influenza infection protection ?
vaccination , released every year
In influenza vaccination what’s difference between quadrivalent and tetravalent ? [unnecessary Q!!]
Q: 2 type A and 2 type B = vaccine contains four different strains of the influenza virus = may be used more broadly to refer to any vaccine containing four strains, regardless of the specific composition
T : 2 type A and 1 type B = specifically to emphasize the inclusion of two influenza A strains and two influenza B strains
Treatment involved with influenza infection ?
- Uncomplicated = relief of symptoms (e.g. fever)
- Severe or progressive clinical illness = antivirals, neuraminidase inhibitors
Compare symptoms of cold with symptoms of flu
(think temperatures, aches, nose , cough , fatigue, throat , energy levels !)
Cold:
low/no fever, sometimes headache, stuffy/runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, slight aches + pain, mild fatigue, sore throat, normal energy level/may feel sluggish
flu:
high fever, headache V. common , clear nose, sometimes sneezing, often becoming severe cough, slight aches and pains , several weeks of fatigue, sometimes sore throat, extreme exhaustion
Full name of SARS-CoV-2 ?
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Family and genus of SARS-CoV-2 ?
family = Coronaviridae
genus = Betacoronavirus
SARS-CoV-2 is what kind of RNA virus ?
enveloped positive-sense single-stranded
Reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 ?
zoonotic (natural reservoir not conclusively identified)
Name 2 key proteins that SARS-CoV-2 uses to infect the host ?
- angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
- Spike (S) protein
symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection ?
- fever
- cough
- feeling tired or exhausted
- aching body
- headache
- sore throat
- blocked or runny nose
- loss /change to sense of smell or taste
- shortness of breath
- loss of appetite
- diarrhoea
- feeling sick or being sick
Risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection ?
- Age
- Sex
- Chronic medical condition(s)
- Immunocompromised/immunosuppressed
- Malignancies (e.g. cancer)
- Pregnancy
Family and genus of measles ?
family = paramyxovirus
genus = morbillivirus
Type of RNA virus that measles is ?
enveloped non-segmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus
Prevention for measles ?
vaccine
