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infection > 7.1 Genital tract infection > Flashcards

7.1 Genital tract infection Flashcards

1
Q

What is female reproductive system composed of ?

A
  • 2 ovaries
  • 2 fallopian tubes
  • a uterus
  • a mucous membrane lined vagina
  • external genitalia
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2
Q

external genitalia of femal repro system consists of what 3 structures ?

A
  • clitoris
  • labia
  • opening of the vagina
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3
Q

Microorganisms can invade the female reproductive system via what ?

A

moist mucous membrane of the vagina

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4
Q

male repro system consists of what structures ?

A
  • 2 testes located within the scrotum a system of ducts
  • accessory glands
  • the penis
  • foreskin (hood of skin) covers the penis
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5
Q

Microorganisms can invade male repro system via ?

A

urethra or skin of the penis

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6
Q

Name 4 common sites of infection of male

A
  • urethra
  • testes
  • prostate
  • epididymis
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7
Q

Name 4 common sites of infection of female

A
  • vulva
  • vagina
  • cervix
  • fallopian tubes
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8
Q

Urogenital tract infections includes infections transmitted how ?

A

sexually and non-sexually

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9
Q

In urogenital tract infections due to close proximity often what can also be affected ?

A

urinary tract

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10
Q

In urogenital tract infections why do infections differ between males and females ?

A

different urogenital anatomy

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11
Q

In both men and women which organ is sterile

A

kidneys

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12
Q

In women which organs contain normal microbiota ?

A

distal 1/3 urethra & vagina

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13
Q

In men which part and which organ may contain skin microbiota ?

A

distal urethra

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14
Q

What does cervix maintain in Upper fem repro tract ?

A

sterility

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15
Q

cervix and all structures superior to it are …. ?

A

sterile

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16
Q

related to action & seen / felt

List general signs & symptoms of urogenital tract infections

A

Burning sensation when urinating
Frequent urination
Blood in semen / urine
Discharge
Pain during intercourse

Abdominal pain
Ulcerations, blisters
Swelling, redness and warm skin
Foul odour

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17
Q

causes leading to urogenital tract infection ?

A
  • sexual transmission
  • pregnancy
  • menopause hormone changes
  • close proximity of anus and urethra
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18
Q

General risk factors for STIs:

A
  • < 25 yrs
  • sexual partner + for STI
  • previous STI
  • co-existent STI
  • 2 or more sexual partners in the preceding year
  • recent change in sexual partner
  • early age of 1st sexual intercourse
  • unprotected sexual intercourse:
    -> non-barrier contraception
    -> low socioeconomic status
    -> drug use
    -> commercial sex work
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19
Q

Name 15 sexually transmitted infections

A
  • chlamydia
  • gonorrhoea
  • trichomoniasis
  • herpes simplex
  • genital warts
  • syphilis
  • mycoplasm genitalium (Mgen)
  • molluscum contagiousum
  • Mpox (monkeypox)
  • lymphogranuloma venereum
  • HPV (16&18)
  • pubic lice
  • scabies
  • HIV
  • hepatitis B
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20
Q

What are the most commonly diagnosed STIs in England ?

A
  • chlamydia (49%)
  • first episode genital warts (13%)
  • gonorrhoea (13%)
  • first episode genital herpes (8%)
21
Q

Management of all patients with an STI should include :

A
  • referral to a GUM clinic
  • partner notification
  • testing for other STIs
  • advice re-safe sex practices
  • support, counselling and education as required
22
Q

Management of chlamydia

A

doxycycline

23
Q

Management of gonorrhoea

A

ceftriaxone IM

24
Q

Management of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole

25
Management of genital herpes
acyclovir
26
Management of genital warts
surgical excision, cyrotherapy
27
Management of syphilis
benzylpenicillin IM
28
Management of public lice/scabies
permethrin cream
29
Management of Mgen
doxycycline, azithromycin
30
Prevention of STI
* protected sexual intercourse using barrier contraception e.g condom * regular screening * vaccination e.g. HPV, hepatitis B * notification and treatment of partners * contact tracing
31
non-sexually-transmitted infections
* candidiasis * bacterial vaginosis * toxic shock syndrome * group B streptococcus * STORCH * post-partum sepsis, other post-partum infection * urinary tract infection
32
management of candidiasis
antifungals e.g. fluconazole
33
management of BV (bacterial vaginosis)
metronidazole, clindamycin
34
management of group B streptococcus in pregnancy
penicillin
35
management of post-partum infection
depends on infection and severity - always assess for sepsis and empirical antibiotics may be used
36
Examples of infections by site for males ?
* prostatitis * urethritis * balanitis * epidiymo-orchitis
37
Examples of infections by site for females ?
* vulvovaginitis * cervicitis * pelvic inflammatory disease
38
samples for male anatomy taken how ?
* Penile swab of discharge, ulcer, skin * Urethral swab (Amies/ charcoal) * First- void Urine sample * Rectal swab
39
samples for female anatomy taken how ?
* High vaginal swab (Amies/ charcoal) * Vulvovaginal swab (NAAT) * Endocervical (Amies/ charcoal) * Urine dipstick testing (not for bacteria but nitrates, leukocytes, blood)
40
Laboratory tests used for genital tract infections ?
* NAAT - detect and amplify either RNA or DNA * microscopy, culture and sensitivity * PCR * serological testing
41
What infections can be detected using NAAT ?
* chlamydia * gonorrhoea * mycoplasma genitalium * trichomonas vaginalis
42
What infections can be detected using microscopy,culture and sensitivity ?
* gonorrhoea * candida * bacterial vaginosis * trichomonas vaginalis
43
What infections can be detected using PCR ?
HSV = herpes simplex virus MPV = Monkeypox
44
What infections can be detected using serological testing ?
* syphilis * HIV * Hep B/C
45
what should be considered if a child presents with dysuria, bleeding or ano-genital discomfort without a medical explanation ?
sexual abuse
46
sexual abuse should be considered if a child present with what ?
* dysuria * bleeding * ano-genital discomfort
47
When should sexual abuse be considered in a child younger than 13 with an STI ?
if there is no clear evidence of mother-to-child transmission or non-sexual transmission
48
what action should be taken in cases of suspected sexual abuse in children ?
concerns should be discussed with a named or designated professional for safeguarding children
49
what does the Sexual Offences Act 2003 state about sexual intercourse with a child younger than 16 years ?
any sexual intercourse with a child younger than 16 years is unlawful

infection (33 decks)

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