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infection > 7.1 Genital tract infection > Flashcards

7.1 Genital tract infection Flashcards

1
Q

What is female reproductive system composed of ?

A
  • 2 ovaries
  • 2 fallopian tubes
  • a uterus
  • a mucous membrane lined vagina
  • external genitalia
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2
Q

external genitalia of femal repro system consists of what 3 structures ?

A
  • clitoris
  • labia
  • opening of the vagina
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3
Q

Microorganisms can invade the female reproductive system via what ?

A

moist mucous membrane of the vagina

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4
Q

male repro system consists of what structures ?

A
  • 2 testes located within the scrotum a system of ducts
  • accessory glands
  • the penis
  • foreskin (hood of skin) covers the penis
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5
Q

Microorganisms can invade male repro system via ?

A

urethra or skin of the penis

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6
Q

Name 4 common sites of infection of male

A
  • urethra
  • testes
  • prostate
  • epididymis
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7
Q

Name 4 common sites of infection of female

A
  • vulva
  • vagina
  • cervix
  • fallopian tubes
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8
Q

Urogenital tract infections includes infections transmitted how ?

A

sexually and non-sexually

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9
Q

In urogenital tract infections due to close proximity often what can also be affected ?

A

urinary tract

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10
Q

In urogenital tract infections why do infections differ between males and females ?

A

different urogenital anatomy

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11
Q

In both men and women which organ is sterile

A

kidneys

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12
Q

In women which organs contain normal microbiota ?

A

distal 1/3 urethra & vagina

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13
Q

In men which part and which organ may contain skin microbiota ?

A

distal urethra

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14
Q

What does cervix maintain in Upper fem repro tract ?

A

sterility

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15
Q

cervix and all structures superior to it are …. ?

A

sterile

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16
Q

related to action & seen / felt

List general signs & symptoms of urogenital tract infections

A

Burning sensation when urinating
Frequent urination
Blood in semen / urine
Discharge
Pain during intercourse

Abdominal pain
Ulcerations, blisters
Swelling, redness and warm skin
Foul odour

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17
Q

causes leading to urogenital tract infection ?

A
  • sexual transmission
  • pregnancy
  • menopause hormone changes
  • close proximity of anus and urethra
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18
Q

General risk factors for STIs:

A
  • < 25 yrs
  • sexual partner + for STI
  • previous STI
  • co-existent STI
  • 2 or more sexual partners in the preceding year
  • recent change in sexual partner
  • early age of 1st sexual intercourse
  • unprotected sexual intercourse:
    -> non-barrier contraception
    -> low socioeconomic status
    -> drug use
    -> commercial sex work
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19
Q

Name 15 sexually transmitted infections

A
  • chlamydia
  • gonorrhoea
  • trichomoniasis
  • herpes simplex
  • genital warts
  • syphilis
  • mycoplasm genitalium (Mgen)
  • molluscum contagiousum
  • Mpox (monkeypox)
  • lymphogranuloma venereum
  • HPV (16&18)
  • pubic lice
  • scabies
  • HIV
  • hepatitis B
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20
Q

What are the most commonly diagnosed STIs in England ?

A
  • chlamydia (49%)
  • first episode genital warts (13%)
  • gonorrhoea (13%)
  • first episode genital herpes (8%)
21
Q

Management of all patients with an STI should include :

A
  • referral to a GUM clinic
  • partner notification
  • testing for other STIs
  • advice re-safe sex practices
  • support, counselling and education as required
22
Q

Management of chlamydia

A

doxycycline

23
Q

Management of gonorrhoea

A

ceftriaxone IM

24
Q

Management of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole

25
Q

Management of genital herpes

A

acyclovir

26
Q

Management of genital warts

A

surgical excision, cyrotherapy

27
Q

Management of syphilis

A

benzylpenicillin IM

28
Q

Management of public lice/scabies

A

permethrin cream

29
Q

Management of Mgen

A

doxycycline, azithromycin

30
Q

Prevention of STI

A
  • protected sexual intercourse using barrier contraception e.g condom
  • regular screening
  • vaccination e.g. HPV, hepatitis B
  • notification and treatment of partners
  • contact tracing
31
Q

non-sexually-transmitted infections

A
  • candidiasis
  • bacterial vaginosis
  • toxic shock syndrome
  • group B streptococcus
  • STORCH
  • post-partum sepsis, other post-partum infection
  • urinary tract infection
32
Q

management of candidiasis

A

antifungals e.g. fluconazole

33
Q

management of BV (bacterial vaginosis)

A

metronidazole, clindamycin

34
Q

management of group B streptococcus in pregnancy

A

penicillin

35
Q

management of post-partum infection

A

depends on infection and severity - always assess for sepsis and empirical antibiotics may be used

36
Q

Examples of infections by site for males ?

A
  • prostatitis
  • urethritis
  • balanitis
  • epidiymo-orchitis
37
Q

Examples of infections by site for females ?

A
  • vulvovaginitis
  • cervicitis
  • pelvic inflammatory disease
38
Q

samples for male anatomy taken how ?

A
  • Penile swab of discharge, ulcer, skin
  • Urethral swab (Amies/ charcoal)
  • First- void Urine sample
  • Rectal swab
39
Q

samples for male anatomy taken how ?

A
  • High vaginal swab (Amies/ charcoal)
  • Vulvovaginal swab (NAAT)
  • Endocervical (Amies/ charcoal)
  • Urine dipstick testing (not for bacteria but nitrates, leukocytes, blood)
40
Q

Laboratory tests used for genital tract infections ?

A
  • NAAT - detect and amplify either RNA or DNA
  • microscopy, culture and sensitivity
  • PCR
  • serological testing
41
Q

What infections can be detected using NAAT ?

A
  • chlamydia
  • gonorrhoea
  • mycoplasma genitalium
  • trichomonas vaginalis
42
Q

What infections can be detected using microscopy,culture and sensitivity ?

A
  • gonorrhoea
  • candida
  • bacterial vaginosis
  • trichomonas vaginalis
43
Q

What infections can be detected using PCR ?

A

HSV = herpes simplex virus
MPV = Monkeypox

44
Q

What infections can be detected using serological testing ?

A
  • syphilis
  • HIV
  • Hep B/C
45
Q

what should be considered if a child presents with dysuria, bleeding or ano-genital discomfort without a medical explanation ?

A

sexual abuse

46
Q

sexual abuse should be considered if a child present with what ?

A
  • dysuria
  • bleeding
  • ano-genital discomfort
47
Q

When should sexual abuse be considered in a child younger than 13 with an STI ?

A

if there is no clear evidence of mother-to-child transmission or non-sexual transmission

48
Q

what action should be taken in cases of suspected sexual abuse in children ?

A

concerns should be discussed with a named or designated professional for safeguarding children

49
Q

what does the Sexual Offences Act 2003 state about sexual intercourse with a child younger than 16 years ?

A

any sexual intercourse with a child younger than 16 years is unlawful

infection (29 decks)

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