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Geography > 7) UK In The 21st Century > Flashcards

7) UK In The 21st Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Population trends in the U.K. since 2001

A

More elderly
More people
Slight decline in birth rate
Less children

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2
Q

Overall increase in U.K. Population since 2001

A

4 million

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3
Q

Increase in people born outside U.K. Since 2001

A

2.9 million

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4
Q

Number of people over 65 living in U.K.

A

10.4 million

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5
Q

Where is the uk on the DTM?

A

Stage 4

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6
Q

Causes of an ageing population (7)

A 
Decreases death rate 
Longer life expectancy 
Have children later in life 
Improves sanitation 
Better diets 
Medical advances 
Baby boom after WW2
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7
Q

Negative consequences of an ageing population (5)

A 
Strain on NHS
More pensions 
More care homes 
More taxes 
Higher dependency ratio
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8
Q

Positive consequences of an ageing population (4)

A

Childcare
Grey pound
Voluntary work
More experienced people

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9
Q

Spatial distribution of ageing population

A

Mainly on the coast (East Devon)
This means more young families are living from it
More elderly centres shops
Enjoy view and slower pace of life

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10
Q

Responses to an ageing population (6)

A 
More houses built
More taxes
Care homes 
Encourages birth
Raising retirement age
Pensioner bonds to save money for future
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11
Q

How has population and ethnic diversity of Bristol changed?

A

Over double number of black and ethnic minorities
Less older people over 65
Lots more mixed/multiple ethnic groups
More young families

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12
Q

Where is there the highest and lowest population densities?

A

Highest in cities like London

Lowest in Scotland

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13
Q

Most and least rainfall in UK

A

Most in Scotland, least in south east England

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14
Q

Highest and lowest points in UK

A

Highest points along the west side of the country and in Scotland
Lowest along the east, in cities like London

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15
Q

Where is the most water stress in the UK?

A

South east England

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16
Q

Where is there the biggest housing shortages?

A

In the cities along the south east

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17
Q

Land use in the UK

A

Scotland: mainly moorland
Ireland: farmland and moorland
Wales: moorland, farmland, woodland
England: greenbelts, lots of urban areas

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18
Q

Pattern of core uk economic hubs

A

The UK’s economy is getting stronger, exiting recession, spending cuts to reduce debt, decreased unemployment

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19
Q

Changes in employment sectors:

A

Primary: decreasing (cheaper foreign labour)
Secondary: decreasing (recession)
Tertiary: increasing (higher standard of life)

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20
Q

Changing working hours

A

More people working from home or on different contracts, such as the zero hour contract

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21
Q

Contribution of ethnic groups to food in the UK

A

Wider variety of foods
Balti triangle
Decreased popularity of typical foods like fish and chips

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22
Q

UK’s involvement with the Ukraine

A

Part of NATO
Places penalties on Russia
1000 soldiers

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23
Q

what is the biggest user of water?

A

industries`

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24
Q

what is being done to try and counteract water stress (3)

A

transfer water from northwest to south east
construct new reservoirs in south east
encourage water conservation

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25
Q

why do we need more housing in the UK? (3)

A

immigration
increasing population
people living longer

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26
Q

where are the worst areas for housing shortages

A

major cities like London

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27
Q

what is the purposes of green belts?

A

to protect the land surrounding big cities to stop them being swallowed by the growth of the city

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28
Q

why are greenbelts under threat?

A

there is no other space to build houses and the demand is high

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29
Q

what is happening to the population of the UK? (4)

marriage, age, consists of, size

A

growing
ageing
increase in immigrants
marriage rates declining

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30
Q

what is natural change?

A

the birth rate - the death rate

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31
Q

what is net migration?

A

difference between immigrants and emigrants

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32
Q

what does the DTM show?

A

the number of people of each gender in each age category

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33
Q

where is the UK on the DTM and why?

A

Stage 4 - birth rate starting to decline
low death rate
lots of elderly

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34
Q

how to calulate the dependency ratio?

A

(children (0-14) and elderly (65+) / those at working age) x 100

35
Q

name a place in Britain with a high elderly population

A

East Devon

36
Q

how many people over 65 live in the UK?

A

10 million

37
Q

what percentage of the UK population is over 65?

A

16%

38
Q

what’s happening to primary sector jobs in the UK?

A

decreasing

39
Q

what’s happening to secondary sector jobs in UK?

A

decreasing

40
Q

whats happening to tertiary sector jobs in UK?

A

massively increasing

41
Q

in 2001, what percentage of Bristol was ethnic minorities

A

12%

42
Q

what happened to the ethnicity of Bristol’s population between 2001 and 2012?

A

all ethnic groups apart from white British increased

43
Q

what is part-time work?

A

allows workers to fit in family time, study or do other job

44
Q

what is flexi-time work?

A

allows workers to choose when they start and finish within certain limits

45
Q

what is job-sharing?

A

two people have the same job, which allows workers to share load of full-time job

46
Q

what is sub-contract?

A

an outside group or individual can be brought in to do the job

47
Q

what is zero-hours contract?

A

an arrangement for people to be available for work, but without fixed hours and without pay when there is no work

48
Q

what is tele/home working?

A

allows workers to spend time away from workplace, working via computer or telephone

49
Q

what is happening to the levels of self-employment?

A

increasing

50
Q

what happened to the UK economy in 2008 and why?

A

economy collapses - global recession

massive unemployment

51
Q

what happened to economy in 2009 and why?

A

the recession ended, economy started to recover

52
Q

what happened to economy in 2010 and why?

A

debt reduced

coalition of conservatives and liberal democrats cut spending and reduced huge debt

53
Q

role of UN

A

aims to maintain international peace and security, promote human rights and provide aid after disasters

54
Q

role of NATO

A

the members of this organisation should defend each other if any one of them is attacked

55
Q

what does NATO stand for

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

56
Q

role of EU

A

an agreement to allow free movement of people, goods, services and money between members

57
Q

population of Ukraine

A

45 million

58
Q

which area near Ukraine has close links with Russia?

A

Crimean peninsula

59
Q

who does East Ukraine have close links with?

A

Russia

60
Q

who does west Ukraine have close links with?

A

Europe

61
Q

Through which organisations has the UK been involved?

A

EU and NATO

62
Q

capital of Ukraine

A

Kiev

63
Q

why is it difficult to travel between Crimea and Ukraine?

A

no bus or train links

64
Q

catalyst for Russian-backed forces invading Crimea?

A

Ukraine’s protrusion president being shot

65
Q

what happened in Ukraine in 1991

A

the Soviet Union broke up

66
Q

number of people killed in Ukraine conflict

A

5,000

67
Q

peninsula of land stretching from Ukraine?

A

Crimea

68
Q

What language does Crimea speak?

A

russian

69
Q

number of soldiers supplied by UK

A

1,000

70
Q

why do credit cards no longer work in Crimea?

A

companies have withdrawn, meaning no-one can use credit or debit cards

71
Q

Who’s side do we support?

A

Europe

72
Q

what are the main conflict zones in Ukraine?

A

east and west

73
Q

three sanctions imposed on Russia by EU

A

banking, energy and defence

74
Q

two countries that Ukraine is between

A

Russia and Poland

75
Q

conflict in Ukraine is between

A

Ukrainian government and pro-russians

76
Q

why is there poor mobile phone signal in Crimea

A

power blackouts

77
Q

cities involved in the conflict in eastern ukraine

A

Donetsk and kharkiv

78
Q

lack of what essential

A

food

79
Q

what year did the conflict start

A

April 2014

80
Q

why is there conflict in Ukraine

A

Ukraine was formed when the soviet union split
the east side supports russia
the west supports Europe
in 2014 the protrusion president was killed
russian-backed forces took control of Crimea because so many supporters live there
russia is supporting the east fighting the west

81
Q

how have other cultures influenced the UK?

A

through food

82
Q

how have other cultures influenced food in the UK?

A

people are choosing foreign foods like indian curries over the traditional british foods like fish and chips
places selling this type of food are much more common

83
Q

favourite takeaway food in the uk

A

chicken tikka masala

Geography (30 decks)

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