7) UK In The 21st Century Flashcards
Population trends in the U.K. since 2001
More elderly
More people
Slight decline in birth rate
Less children
Overall increase in U.K. Population since 2001
4 million
Increase in people born outside U.K. Since 2001
2.9 million
Number of people over 65 living in U.K.
10.4 million
Where is the uk on the DTM?
Stage 4
Causes of an ageing population (7)
Decreases death rate Longer life expectancy Have children later in life Improves sanitation Better diets Medical advances Baby boom after WW2
Negative consequences of an ageing population (5)
Strain on NHS More pensions More care homes More taxes Higher dependency ratio
Positive consequences of an ageing population (4)
Childcare
Grey pound
Voluntary work
More experienced people
Spatial distribution of ageing population
Mainly on the coast (East Devon)
This means more young families are living from it
More elderly centres shops
Enjoy view and slower pace of life
Responses to an ageing population (6)
More houses built More taxes Care homes Encourages birth Raising retirement age Pensioner bonds to save money for future
How has population and ethnic diversity of Bristol changed?
Over double number of black and ethnic minorities
Less older people over 65
Lots more mixed/multiple ethnic groups
More young families
Where is there the highest and lowest population densities?
Highest in cities like London
Lowest in Scotland
Most and least rainfall in UK
Most in Scotland, least in south east England
Highest and lowest points in UK
Highest points along the west side of the country and in Scotland
Lowest along the east, in cities like London
Where is the most water stress in the UK?
South east England
Where is there the biggest housing shortages?
In the cities along the south east
Land use in the UK
Scotland: mainly moorland
Ireland: farmland and moorland
Wales: moorland, farmland, woodland
England: greenbelts, lots of urban areas
Pattern of core uk economic hubs
The UK’s economy is getting stronger, exiting recession, spending cuts to reduce debt, decreased unemployment
Changes in employment sectors:
Primary: decreasing (cheaper foreign labour)
Secondary: decreasing (recession)
Tertiary: increasing (higher standard of life)
Changing working hours
More people working from home or on different contracts, such as the zero hour contract
Contribution of ethnic groups to food in the UK
Wider variety of foods
Balti triangle
Decreased popularity of typical foods like fish and chips
UK’s involvement with the Ukraine
Part of NATO
Places penalties on Russia
1000 soldiers
what is the biggest user of water?
industries`
what is being done to try and counteract water stress (3)
transfer water from northwest to south east
construct new reservoirs in south east
encourage water conservation
why do we need more housing in the UK? (3)
immigration
increasing population
people living longer
where are the worst areas for housing shortages
major cities like London
what is the purposes of green belts?
to protect the land surrounding big cities to stop them being swallowed by the growth of the city
why are greenbelts under threat?
there is no other space to build houses and the demand is high
what is happening to the population of the UK? (4)
marriage, age, consists of, size
growing
ageing
increase in immigrants
marriage rates declining
what is natural change?
the birth rate - the death rate
what is net migration?
difference between immigrants and emigrants
what does the DTM show?
the number of people of each gender in each age category
where is the UK on the DTM and why?
Stage 4 - birth rate starting to decline
low death rate
lots of elderly
how to calulate the dependency ratio?
(children (0-14) and elderly (65+) / those at working age) x 100
name a place in Britain with a high elderly population
East Devon
how many people over 65 live in the UK?
10 million
what percentage of the UK population is over 65?
16%
what’s happening to primary sector jobs in the UK?
decreasing
what’s happening to secondary sector jobs in UK?
decreasing
whats happening to tertiary sector jobs in UK?
massively increasing
in 2001, what percentage of Bristol was ethnic minorities
12%
what happened to the ethnicity of Bristol’s population between 2001 and 2012?
all ethnic groups apart from white British increased
what is part-time work?
allows workers to fit in family time, study or do other job
what is flexi-time work?
allows workers to choose when they start and finish within certain limits
what is job-sharing?
two people have the same job, which allows workers to share load of full-time job
what is sub-contract?
an outside group or individual can be brought in to do the job
what is zero-hours contract?
an arrangement for people to be available for work, but without fixed hours and without pay when there is no work
what is tele/home working?
allows workers to spend time away from workplace, working via computer or telephone
what is happening to the levels of self-employment?
increasing
what happened to the UK economy in 2008 and why?
economy collapses - global recession
massive unemployment
what happened to economy in 2009 and why?
the recession ended, economy started to recover
what happened to economy in 2010 and why?
debt reduced
coalition of conservatives and liberal democrats cut spending and reduced huge debt
role of UN
aims to maintain international peace and security, promote human rights and provide aid after disasters
role of NATO
the members of this organisation should defend each other if any one of them is attacked
what does NATO stand for
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
role of EU
an agreement to allow free movement of people, goods, services and money between members
population of Ukraine
45 million
which area near Ukraine has close links with Russia?
Crimean peninsula
who does East Ukraine have close links with?
Russia
who does west Ukraine have close links with?
Europe
Through which organisations has the UK been involved?
EU and NATO
capital of Ukraine
Kiev
why is it difficult to travel between Crimea and Ukraine?
no bus or train links
catalyst for Russian-backed forces invading Crimea?
Ukraine’s protrusion president being shot
what happened in Ukraine in 1991
the Soviet Union broke up
number of people killed in Ukraine conflict
5,000
peninsula of land stretching from Ukraine?
Crimea
What language does Crimea speak?
russian
number of soldiers supplied by UK
1,000
why do credit cards no longer work in Crimea?
companies have withdrawn, meaning no-one can use credit or debit cards
Who’s side do we support?
Europe
what are the main conflict zones in Ukraine?
east and west
three sanctions imposed on Russia by EU
banking, energy and defence
two countries that Ukraine is between
Russia and Poland
conflict in Ukraine is between
Ukrainian government and pro-russians
why is there poor mobile phone signal in Crimea
power blackouts
cities involved in the conflict in eastern ukraine
Donetsk and kharkiv
lack of what essential
food
what year did the conflict start
April 2014
why is there conflict in Ukraine
Ukraine was formed when the soviet union split
the east side supports russia
the west supports Europe
in 2014 the protrusion president was killed
russian-backed forces took control of Crimea because so many supporters live there
russia is supporting the east fighting the west
how have other cultures influenced the UK?
through food
how have other cultures influenced food in the UK?
people are choosing foreign foods like indian curries over the traditional british foods like fish and chips
places selling this type of food are much more common
favourite takeaway food in the uk
chicken tikka masala
