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Geography > 6) Ethiopia > Flashcards

6) Ethiopia Flashcards

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1
Q

GNI per capita in 2015

A

$505

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2
Q

World average GNI per capita in 2015

A

$10,850

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3
Q

Population

A

94 million

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4
Q

Land area

A

1.1 million km2

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5
Q

Language

A

Amharic

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6
Q

Capital

A

Addis Ababa

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7
Q

What position is it globally in terms of population?

A

13th

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8
Q

Why has the development in technology been slow in Ethiopia?

A

There is a monopoly so no need to develop quickly

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9
Q

In 2015, how many people were connected to the internet?

A

Less than 4%

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10
Q

Which company owns the internet?

A

Ethio Telecom (ETC)

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11
Q

What happened in 2013?

A

Mobile phones could be used to transfer money to where it was due

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12
Q

Problems with the Rostow Model 2

A

Based off USA - many LIDCs won’t follow the pattern

Relies on countries starting at the same point and having same access to resources

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13
Q

How many work in primary sector?

A

88%

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14
Q

How many work in secondary sector?

A

2%

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15
Q

How much is its trade deficit worth?

A

$8 billion

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16
Q

Why is it in stage 2 of the Rostow Model?

A

It has many characteristics of a stage 1 country but in recent years the introduction of TNCs and improved infrastructure mean it is stage 2

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17
Q

Which MDGs has Ethiopia met?

A

2: provision of primary education
4: reduce child mortality
5: improving maternal health

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18
Q

Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved widespread primary education

A

96% of children now enrol in primary schools

But adult literacy rate is still low

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19
Q

Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved reduced child mortality

A

65% of children receive vaccinations for diseases

But, diarrhoea and malaria are biggest killers

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20
Q

Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved improved maternal health

A

Maternal mortality dropped 23% due to sanitation

But, there is still stigma around family planning

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21
Q

Which MDGs have Ethiopia not met?

A

1: poverty and hunger
7: environmental sustainability

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22
Q

Evidence Ethiopia hasn’t reduced poverty and hunger

A

Unemployment remains high and wealth isn’t equally spread

Over 40% of children are malnourished

23
Q

Evidence Ethiopia hasn’t improved environmental sustainability

A

Low basic sanitation and lots of slums

24
Q

Which countries does it share borders with? 5

A

Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti and Kenya

25
Q

How does the landscape impact development? 2

A

Steep and rocky slopes make it difficult to use machinery

Livestock limited to low lands which become overgrazed, leading to soil erosion

26
Q

How does the climate impact development? 2

A

Unpredictable rainfall makes it difficult to manage crops

Lots of droughts leading to desertification of arable land

27
Q

Why has technology hindered development in terms of natural resources?

A

It means that the country’s supplies of precious meals and gas can’t be mined which could be exported to boost the economy

28
Q

Ways in which healthcare provisions have improved 3

A

Maternal mortality reduced because of better care
Wider availability of contraception
100% of population can access mosquito net

29
Q

Main exports 5

A 
Vegetables
Coffee
Pulses and oils
Flowers 
Livestock
30
Q

How much is the economy increasing by per year?

A

11%

31
Q

What do Hilton Hotels do in Ethiopia?

A

Range of leisure and recreation facilities

32
Q

What do Siemens do in Ethiopia?

A

Telecommunications and technology

33
Q

How many people receive food aid per year?

A

5 million

34
Q

What is ‘The Girl Effect’?

A

The idea that if girls can be supported through education, it reduces the likelihood of problems such as unwanted pregnancies and early marriage occurring which stops development

35
Q

How have Oxfam helped?

A

Goat Aid

36
Q

Example of top-down aid

A

Ashegoda wind farm

37
Q

Example of bottom up aid

A

‘Goat Aid’ in Tigray

38
Q

How does the wind farm work?

A

Wind turbines situated on highland exploit Ethiopia’s energy potential and create electricity to be used around the country and to be sold

39
Q

How much did the wind farm cost?

A

£179 million

40
Q

How many wind turbines are there?

A

84

41
Q

How does the Goat Aid programme work?

A

Goats provide greater access to milk, meat and manure

Goats can be bred to sell or to eat

42
Q

How does goat aid aid development?

A

The milk has lead to a significant decrease in malnourished children
The income from goat produce or selling young can finance children to be put though school

43
Q

Advantages of the wind farm 3

A

The creation of electricity in the dry season is good because hydroelectricity can’t be used (water shortages)
Creates jobs
Produces 400 million kWh of electricity each year in a country where half of the people have no electricity

44
Q

Advantages of goat aid 3

A

48,300 people have benefited
Life expectancy and calorie intake have increased
Contributes to many MDGs

45
Q

Disadvantages of the wind farm 2

A

700 farmers lost land to turbines

Electricity is being exported so people aren’t benefiting

46
Q

Disadvantages of goat aid 3

A

Takes 2-5 years for a significant effect
Goats are variable - milk, offspring, dying etc
Can only help so many people

47
Q

What happened pre 1935?

A

Was known as Abyssinia and was 1 of 2 african countries to escape European control

48
Q

What happened between 1935 and 1941?

A

Italy colonised Ethiopia during WW2 and invested in infrastructure and power

49
Q

What happened between 1941 and 1974? 2

A

Nation was set back due to conflict of WW2 a nd ineffective government
Successful overthrow of the government in 1974 which lead to arrests and deaths

50
Q

What happened between 1974 and 1987?

A

1.4 million deaths in the civil war
Declared a republic state
1977-78 was ‘Red Terror’ where government evicted owners from land, which lead to migration and economic decline

51
Q

What happened between 1984 and 1985? 3

A

Productivity declined leading to famine
This killed 1 million people in a year due to high food prices and drought
$200 million of food aid donated by NGOs

52
Q

What happened between 1991 and 2001?

A

Soviet Union collapsed which helped to remove Derg control and lead to the creation of the Federal Democratic Republic, which allowed free trade

53
Q

What is happening between 2001 and present day? 3

A

Economy continue to increase
Growth and Transformation Plan is the plan to end poverty
Government is stable

Geography (30 decks)

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