6) Ethiopia Flashcards
GNI per capita in 2015
$505
World average GNI per capita in 2015
$10,850
Population
94 million
Land area
1.1 million km2
Language
Amharic
Capital
Addis Ababa
What position is it globally in terms of population?
13th
Why has the development in technology been slow in Ethiopia?
There is a monopoly so no need to develop quickly
In 2015, how many people were connected to the internet?
Less than 4%
Which company owns the internet?
Ethio Telecom (ETC)
What happened in 2013?
Mobile phones could be used to transfer money to where it was due
Problems with the Rostow Model 2
Based off USA - many LIDCs won’t follow the pattern
Relies on countries starting at the same point and having same access to resources
How many work in primary sector?
88%
How many work in secondary sector?
2%
How much is its trade deficit worth?
$8 billion
Why is it in stage 2 of the Rostow Model?
It has many characteristics of a stage 1 country but in recent years the introduction of TNCs and improved infrastructure mean it is stage 2
Which MDGs has Ethiopia met?
2: provision of primary education
4: reduce child mortality
5: improving maternal health
Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved widespread primary education
96% of children now enrol in primary schools
But adult literacy rate is still low
Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved reduced child mortality
65% of children receive vaccinations for diseases
But, diarrhoea and malaria are biggest killers
Evidence that Ethiopia has achieved improved maternal health
Maternal mortality dropped 23% due to sanitation
But, there is still stigma around family planning
Which MDGs have Ethiopia not met?
1: poverty and hunger
7: environmental sustainability
Evidence Ethiopia hasn’t reduced poverty and hunger
Unemployment remains high and wealth isn’t equally spread
Over 40% of children are malnourished
Evidence Ethiopia hasn’t improved environmental sustainability
Low basic sanitation and lots of slums
Which countries does it share borders with? 5
Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti and Kenya
How does the landscape impact development? 2
Steep and rocky slopes make it difficult to use machinery
Livestock limited to low lands which become overgrazed, leading to soil erosion
How does the climate impact development? 2
Unpredictable rainfall makes it difficult to manage crops
Lots of droughts leading to desertification of arable land
Why has technology hindered development in terms of natural resources?
It means that the country’s supplies of precious meals and gas can’t be mined which could be exported to boost the economy
Ways in which healthcare provisions have improved 3
Maternal mortality reduced because of better care
Wider availability of contraception
100% of population can access mosquito net
Main exports 5
Vegetables Coffee Pulses and oils Flowers Livestock
How much is the economy increasing by per year?
11%
What do Hilton Hotels do in Ethiopia?
Range of leisure and recreation facilities
What do Siemens do in Ethiopia?
Telecommunications and technology
How many people receive food aid per year?
5 million
What is ‘The Girl Effect’?
The idea that if girls can be supported through education, it reduces the likelihood of problems such as unwanted pregnancies and early marriage occurring which stops development
How have Oxfam helped?
Goat Aid
Example of top-down aid
Ashegoda wind farm
Example of bottom up aid
‘Goat Aid’ in Tigray
How does the wind farm work?
Wind turbines situated on highland exploit Ethiopia’s energy potential and create electricity to be used around the country and to be sold
How much did the wind farm cost?
£179 million
How many wind turbines are there?
84
How does the Goat Aid programme work?
Goats provide greater access to milk, meat and manure
Goats can be bred to sell or to eat
How does goat aid aid development?
The milk has lead to a significant decrease in malnourished children
The income from goat produce or selling young can finance children to be put though school
Advantages of the wind farm 3
The creation of electricity in the dry season is good because hydroelectricity can’t be used (water shortages)
Creates jobs
Produces 400 million kWh of electricity each year in a country where half of the people have no electricity
Advantages of goat aid 3
48,300 people have benefited
Life expectancy and calorie intake have increased
Contributes to many MDGs
Disadvantages of the wind farm 2
700 farmers lost land to turbines
Electricity is being exported so people aren’t benefiting
Disadvantages of goat aid 3
Takes 2-5 years for a significant effect
Goats are variable - milk, offspring, dying etc
Can only help so many people
What happened pre 1935?
Was known as Abyssinia and was 1 of 2 african countries to escape European control
What happened between 1935 and 1941?
Italy colonised Ethiopia during WW2 and invested in infrastructure and power
What happened between 1941 and 1974? 2
Nation was set back due to conflict of WW2 a nd ineffective government
Successful overthrow of the government in 1974 which lead to arrests and deaths
What happened between 1974 and 1987?
1.4 million deaths in the civil war
Declared a republic state
1977-78 was ‘Red Terror’ where government evicted owners from land, which lead to migration and economic decline
What happened between 1984 and 1985? 3
Productivity declined leading to famine
This killed 1 million people in a year due to high food prices and drought
$200 million of food aid donated by NGOs
What happened between 1991 and 2001?
Soviet Union collapsed which helped to remove Derg control and lead to the creation of the Federal Democratic Republic, which allowed free trade
What is happening between 2001 and present day? 3
Economy continue to increase
Growth and Transformation Plan is the plan to end poverty
Government is stable
