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Geography > 2) Changing Climates > Flashcards

2) Changing Climates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is happening to the climate over time?

A

Getting warmer

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2
Q

Signs that climate is getting warmer

A

Ice cover decreasing
Glaciers retreating
Increased temperature
Extreme rainfall (high and low)

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3
Q

How is evidence collected for climate change

A

Weather recordings
Ice cores
Rocks and fossils

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4
Q

Economic threats of climate change world wide

A

Sea defences
Loss of coastal properties
Drowned or desertification of crops
Mass migration

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5
Q

Economic opportunities of climate change world wide

A 
Renewable fuels (e.g. Solar)
Heating costs decrease
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6
Q

Economic threats of climate change in the UK

A

Sea level rise
Increased risk of drought
Older people killed by heat

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7
Q

Economic opportunities of climate change in uk

A

Reduction in cold related deaths
New crops
Tourism

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8
Q

Environmental threats of climate change world wide

A

Melting ice caps
Destruction of habitats or ecosystems
Areas may become uninhabitable for certain species

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9
Q

Environmental opportunities of climate change world wide

A

New wetlands may be created

Managed retreat will make salt marshes

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10
Q

Environmental opportunities of climate change in uk

A

New crops
New salt marshes
New wetlands

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11
Q

Environmental threats of climate change in uk

A

Wildfires
Agricultural land lost due to sea levels
Cliff collapse

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12
Q

Social threats of climate change

A

Beaches may be eroded
Heatwaves kill elderly
Water shortages

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13
Q

Social opportunities of climate change

A

Festivals
Tourism
Boosted construction and manufacturing industry

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14
Q

How do volcanoes contribute to climate change

A

Eruptions throw out large volume of gas and ash into atmosphere
Stop sun heat reaching earth by forming mirror
Earth cools down

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15
Q

How do oceans contribute to climate change

A

Ocean winds push heat across planet

Change in winds = change in temperature

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16
Q

How do the milankovitch cycles cause climate change?

A

Heat different parts of planet

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17
Q

What are the three cycles?

A

Oblong shape of orbit
Tilt of axis
Direction of axis

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18
Q

How does the earths wonky orbit cause climate change?

A

Different levels of radiation reach earth at different times

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19
Q

How does the earths tilt contribute to climate change?

A

The earth orbits on a /
So when one side is away from the sun, the other gets more heavy. The larger the slant, the larger the difference in season temperatures

20
Q

difference between weather and climate

A

weather is more specific, day to day whilst climate is measured over a period of time

21
Q

what is the holocene?

A

the last 10,000 years of warmer climate

22
Q

what is the glacial period?

A

a period of colder climate

23
Q

what is the pleistocene

A

the last period of glacial climate, which started 1.8 m years ago

24
Q

what is the quaternary period?

A

the current section of earth history

25
Q

what is an interglacial period?

A

a period of warmer climate

26
Q

what is an ice core?

A

a tube of ice extracted so scientists can study the weather in a specific timeframe

27
Q

difference between winter snow and summer snow in an ice core

A

summer snow is lighter - wasn’t as much

28
Q

role of isotopes in an ice core

A

there are the isotopes 16O and 18O. More 16O and the earth was colder

29
Q

what is the sea ice maximum?

A

the maximum area covered by ice each year in the arctic

30
Q

how can the sea ice maximum tell us about climate?

A

the more ice, the colder the year was

31
Q

how can glaciers tell us about climate change?

A

by comparing past pictures, we can see how much of the glacier has melted = hotter weather

32
Q

how can global temperature data tell us about climate change?

A

compare data gathered from recent years

33
Q

how can paintings and diaries tell us about climate change?

A

we can study past pictures and diaries and compare them o the conditions today

34
Q

how can fossils tell us about climate change

A

different species tend to favour certain climates and we can look at their adaption

35
Q

what are the three things the Milankovitch cycle measures?

A

Eccentricity
Tilt
Precession

36
Q

what is eccentricity and what effect dos it have on the climate

A

how circular the earth’s orbit around the sun is (the more circular, the hotter earth gets)

37
Q

what is axial tilt and what effect does it have on the climate?

A

the tilt of the earth on the axis, a greater angle of tilt = warmer temperatures

38
Q

what is precession and what effect does it have on climate?

A

it is the earth’s ‘wobble’

makes some places experience very long days and others very long nights

39
Q

what happens when a volcano erupts and what effect does it have on climate

A

spews ash and sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere
particles act like mirrors and reflect suns rays
winds circulate this dust so the temperature decreases

40
Q

what ar sun spots and what effect do they have on climate?

A

a area of darkness appearing on the sun’s surface. They increase the temperature of earth

41
Q

what are the four main greenhouse gases

A

halocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane

42
Q

where is CO2 made

A

deforestation, industrialisation, cars

43
Q

where is methane produced

A

rice production, cows

44
Q

where are halocarbons produced

A

air conditioning, packaging, aerosols

45
Q

where is nitrous oxide produced?

A

fertilisers, car exhausts

46
Q

what is the greenhouse effect?

A

the natural way where some of the sun’s heat is reflected out to space and some is conserved

47
Q

what is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

A

when we thicken the layer of greenhouse gases surrounding earth so the temperature increases and less heat is lost

Geography (30 decks)

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