7 - The Shoulder Flashcards
What are the axial bones?
Lie more medially
The skull, vertebrae, ribs and the sternum
What are the appendicular bones?
Lie more laterally
Outer pelvis, clavical, arms and legs
What are the 3 joints of the shoulder girdle?
Sternoclavicular Joint
Acromioclavicular Joint
Glenohumeral Joint
Movements of the scapula
Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression, Rotation
What muscles attach the shoulder girldle to the trunk?
Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
Serratus Anterior
Where are the traps positioned?
At the back of the head down to the thoracic spine
How to the Traps move the scapula?
The top portion elevates and upwardly rotates the scapula
The middle portion is attached to the thoracic spine pulling it to cause retraction.
The bottom of the traps pulls downwards to deprss the scapula.
Where is levator scapulae positioned?
On the sides of the neck, it’s attached to the top of the scapula and goes up to C1 on the thoracic vertebrae
How does levator scapulae move the scapula?
it elevates and retracts.
Were are rhomboid minor and major positioned?
The upper back, rhomboid minor is above rhomboid major
How do the rhomboid muscles move the scapula?
they retract the scapula pulling it towards the midline.
Where is the serratus anterior positioned?
Comes round from underneath the scapula and attaches to the ribs
How does serratus anterior move the scapula?
Protracts and upwardly rotates the scapula
What innervates the traps?
the accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
What innervates the levator scapulae and rhomboid minor and major?
the dorsal scapula nerve
What innervates the serratus anterior?
the long thoracic nerve
What muscles (round the front of the body) attach the shoulder girdle to the trunk?
Subclavious
Pectoralis minor
Where is pectoralis minor positioned?
Sits on the coracoid process (part of the scapula)
How does the pectoralis minor move the scapula?
Pulls it downwards, protracting and depressing the scapula
What innervates the pectoralis minor?
the medial pectoral nerve
What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket (multidirectional)
Connects the head of the humerous to the glenoid fossa
What are the muscles that position the arm in space?
Deltoid
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi
How does the deltiod move the arm?
It can abduct the arm
What innervates the deltoids?
The axillary nerve
Where does the latissimus dorsi (Lats) insert?
Onto the humerous
What innervates the Lats?
the thoracodorsal nerve
How does teres major move the arms?
abducts the arms
What innervates the teres major?
the lower subscapular nerve
What does the deltoid attach to?
the deltoid tuberosity
Where do the teres major and latissimus dorsi attach ?
a groove on the tendon
What are the 2 heads of the pectoralis major?
The calvical head and the sternal head
What movements do the pectoralis major cause?
flexion, medial, rotation and abduction
What innervates the pectoralis major?
The medial and lateral pectoral nerves
What are some of the factors stabilising the glenohumeral joint?
Glenoid labrum
tendon of the biceps brachii
fibrous joint capsule
ligaments
Rotator cuff muscles
What are the rotator cuff muscles? (SITS)
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
What do all of the SITS attach to and what are they innervated by?
All attach tto the greater tubercle and are innervated by the suprascapular nerve
How is subscapularis different from the other SITS?
Its round the front of the body
