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Anatomy > 15 - External features of the brain > Flashcards

15 - External features of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

Where does Caudal refer to?

A

The inferior side of the brain or the “tail end”.

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2
Q

Where does rostral refer to?

A

The superior side of the brain or “towards the face”.

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain?

A

The cerebrum, cerebellum and the brainstem.

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4
Q

What is the cerebrum composed of?

A

The left and right hemispheres

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5
Q

What are the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum connected by?

A

The corpus callosum

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6
Q

What is the fissure that separates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

The deep longitudinal fissure

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7
Q

What are the 4 lobes that the cerebrum is split into?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal

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8
Q

What are sulci?

A

The grooves in the cerebral cortex

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9
Q

What are gyri?

A

The fold in the cerebral cortex

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10
Q

What does the central sulci separate?

A

The frontal and the parietal lobes

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11
Q

What does the lateral sulci separate?

A

The frontal and the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe

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12
Q

What does the parieto-occipital sulci separate?

A

The parietal and the occipital lobe

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13
Q

Where is the pre-central gyri located?

A

Directly anterior to the central sucli

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14
Q

Where is the post-central gyri located?

A

Directly posterior to the central sulci

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15
Q

What can be found in the post-central gyri?

A

The primary somatosensory cortex

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16
Q

What lies deep within the lateral sulcus?

A

The Insula (inner part of the cerebrum)

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17
Q

What functional areas are located in the frontal lobe?

A
  • The motor area
  • The primary motor cortex which is located in the pre-central gyrus
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18
Q

What functional areas are located in the parietal lobe?

A
  • The sensory area
  • The primary somatosensory cortex which is located in the post-central gyrus
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19
Q

What functional areas are located in the occipital lobe?

A

The visual area

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20
Q

What functional areas are located in the temporal lobe?

A
  • The auditory area
  • Wernicke’s area which is responsible for the comprehension of speech.
21
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for and where is it located?

A

The production of speech and is located in the pre-frontal cortex

22
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

A deficit in language production.

23
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A
  • The coordination of movement, motor learning, posture, balance.
  • The voluntary cortex is located here.
24
Q

What are folds in the cerebellum known as ?

A

Folia

25
Q

Where in the skull is the cerebellum located?

A

In the posterior cranial fossa

26
Q

The vermis…

A

Separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

27
Q

The primary fissure of the cerebellum…

A

Separates the inferior and the posterior lobe

28
Q

what are the cerebellar peduncles?

A

Fibre bundles attaching the cerebellum to the brainstem, they carry input and output to and from the cerebellum.

29
Q

How many peduncles are there in the cerebellum and what are they?

A

3 - The superior, middle and inferior peduncles

30
Q

What do the different peduncles connect to on the brainstem?

A
  • Superior - Mid-brain
  • Middle - Pons
  • Inferior - Medulla
31
Q

Where is the nodule of the cerebellum located?

A

below the vermis

32
Q

What 3 parts is the cerebellum divided into?

A

The spinocerebellum, The Cerebrocerebellum, The Vestibulocerebellum.

33
Q

What is the spinocerebellum responsible for?

A

Proprioceptive input, adapting the body to changing circumstances

34
Q

What is the Cerebrocerebellum responsible for?

A

the planning of movement and regulating the cerebral cortical motor

35
Q

what is the Vestibulocerebellum responsible for?

A
  • Integrates vestibular into for controlling head and eye movements.
  • Maintaining balance, spatial oriental and muscle tone.
36
Q

What are the 3 cranial meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater and the pia mater

37
Q

Dura Mater…

A
  • The outermost layer of the meninges
  • Consists of 2 layers - Periosteal and Meningeal
  • Has numerous infoldings
38
Q

Arachnoid Mater…

A
  • Located deep to the dura mater.
  • Thin and loosely encloses the brain.
39
Q

Pia Mater…

A

Cannot be see by the naked eye its adhered to the surface of the brain and the spinal cord.

40
Q

What is the space between the skull and the dura mater?

A

The epidural or extradural space.

41
Q

What is the space between the dura and arachnoid mater?

A

The subdural space.

42
Q

What is the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater?

A

The subarachnoid space.

43
Q

What is the new 4th layer of the meninges known as?

A

The subarachnoid lymphatic like layer.

44
Q

What does the subarachnoid layer contain?

A

cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain.

45
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

Cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

46
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A
  • It protects the brain by providing a cushion against trauma.
  • Provides nutrients to the brain.
  • It prevents nerves and blood vessels from being pressed against the skull.
47
Q

What are all the components of the vesicular system?

A
  • 2 lateral ventricles
  • Intraventricular foramen (foramen of monroe)
  • 3rd ventricle
  • Cerebral aqueduct (Sylvian aqueduct)
  • 4th ventricle
  • Medial and lateral apertures
  • Central canal
48
Q

What is CSF produced by?

A

The choroid plexus

49
Q

Where does CSF go after circulating around the ventricles?

A

Its reabsorbed from the subarachnoid space by the arachnoid villi into the venous circulation

Anatomy (17 decks)

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