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Anatomy > 13 - The Leg II - Knee and Foot > Flashcards

13 - The Leg II - Knee and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

what type of the joint is the knee?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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2
Q

When is the knee joint the most stable?

A

In extension

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3
Q

What are the 3 movements of the knee?

A

Flexion, Extension and lateral rotation.

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4
Q

How does the knee articulate with other bones?

A

It lies between the femoral condyles medially and the lateral condyles laterally.

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5
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the knee?

A

The femur, patella and the tibia.

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6
Q

What does the patella help the quadriceps tendon with?

A
  • increases its efficiency
  • reduces friction
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7
Q

What is patella dislocation?

A

Lateral movement of the patella from its original position.

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8
Q

What is the role of the vastus Medialis?

A

It prevents the patella from moving laterally.

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9
Q

What is a passive way to prevent the patella from moving laterally?

A

The lateral femoral condyle is bigger that the medial to stop the patella from moving.

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10
Q

What is the role of the menisci?

A
  • They are fibral cartilage that deepens the articular surface of the tibia allowing the femoral condyle to sit in the tibial plateaux.
  • They also act as a shock absorber.
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11
Q

Medial meniscus (characteristics and articulation)

A
  • C-shape
  • Wider than the lateral meniscus
  • Attaches to the joint capsule and the medial collateral ligament.
  • Less mobile
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12
Q

Lateral meniscus (characteristics and articulation)

A
  • Almost circular
  • Smaller and freely moveable
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13
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the knee?

A
  • Lateral collateral ligament
  • Medial collateral ligament
  • Anterior cruciate ligament
  • Posterior cruciate ligament
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14
Q

Lateral collateral ligament (articulation)

A

Attaches to the lateral epicondyle of the femur and the lateral aspects of the tibial condyle.

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15
Q

Medial collateral ligament (Articulation)

A

Attaches to the medial condyle and medial aspects of the tibial condyles

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16
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

A

Prevents the side to side movements of the patella.

17
Q

What are the 2 cruciate ligaments?

A

The anterior and posterior

18
Q

Anterior cruciate Ligament (Articulation)

A

Attaches to the anterior intercondylar ligament inserts onto the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle.

19
Q

Posterior cruciate Ligament (Articulation)

A

Attaches to the posterior intercondylar ligament and inserts into the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle.

20
Q

What is the actions of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A
  • Prevents posterior rolling of the femur on the tibia.
  • Its also weaker and more probe to injury.
21
Q

What is the action of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A
  • It prevents the anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia.
  • It help to lock to knee so that the quads are not constantly in a contracted state.
22
Q

Popliteus (Functions)

A
  • Part of the deep posterior compartment of the leg, nut acts at the knee joint.
  • It rotates the femur laterally.
  • Assists in flexion.
23
Q

What are the 5 tarsal bones of the foot?

A
  • Calcaneus
  • Talus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Cuneiform
24
Q

What are the 3 arches of the foot and what do they help with?

A
  • medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch and the transverse arch.
  • they help to distribute the body weight and also act as shock absorbers.
25
Q

What muscles are in the first layer of the foot?

A
  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
26
Q

What muscles are in the second layer of the foot?

A
  • The lumbricals
  • Quadratus Plantae
27
Q

What muscles are in the third layer of the foot?

A
  • Flexor hallucis brevis
  • Adductor hallucis
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
28
Q

What muscles are in the fourth layer of the foot?

A

The plantar and dorsal interossei

29
Q

What artery supplies blood to the sole of the foot?

A

The posterior tibial artery.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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