13 - The Leg II - Knee and Foot Flashcards
what type of the joint is the knee?
Synovial hinge joint
When is the knee joint the most stable?
In extension
What are the 3 movements of the knee?
Flexion, Extension and lateral rotation.
How does the knee articulate with other bones?
It lies between the femoral condyles medially and the lateral condyles laterally.
What are the 3 bones that make up the knee?
The femur, patella and the tibia.
What does the patella help the quadriceps tendon with?
- increases its efficiency
- reduces friction
What is patella dislocation?
Lateral movement of the patella from its original position.
What is the role of the vastus Medialis?
It prevents the patella from moving laterally.
What is a passive way to prevent the patella from moving laterally?
The lateral femoral condyle is bigger that the medial to stop the patella from moving.
What is the role of the menisci?
- They are fibral cartilage that deepens the articular surface of the tibia allowing the femoral condyle to sit in the tibial plateaux.
- They also act as a shock absorber.
Medial meniscus (characteristics and articulation)
- C-shape
- Wider than the lateral meniscus
- Attaches to the joint capsule and the medial collateral ligament.
- Less mobile
Lateral meniscus (characteristics and articulation)
- Almost circular
- Smaller and freely moveable
What are the 4 ligaments of the knee?
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Medial collateral ligament
- Anterior cruciate ligament
- Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral collateral ligament (articulation)
Attaches to the lateral epicondyle of the femur and the lateral aspects of the tibial condyle.
Medial collateral ligament (Articulation)
Attaches to the medial condyle and medial aspects of the tibial condyles
What is the function of the collateral ligaments?
Prevents the side to side movements of the patella.
What are the 2 cruciate ligaments?
The anterior and posterior
Anterior cruciate Ligament (Articulation)
Attaches to the anterior intercondylar ligament inserts onto the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle.
Posterior cruciate Ligament (Articulation)
Attaches to the posterior intercondylar ligament and inserts into the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle.
What is the actions of the anterior cruciate ligament?
- Prevents posterior rolling of the femur on the tibia.
- Its also weaker and more probe to injury.
What is the action of the posterior cruciate ligament?
- It prevents the anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia.
- It help to lock to knee so that the quads are not constantly in a contracted state.
Popliteus (Functions)
- Part of the deep posterior compartment of the leg, nut acts at the knee joint.
- It rotates the femur laterally.
- Assists in flexion.
What are the 5 tarsal bones of the foot?
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Cuneiform
What are the 3 arches of the foot and what do they help with?
- medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch and the transverse arch.
- they help to distribute the body weight and also act as shock absorbers.
What muscles are in the first layer of the foot?
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Abductor Hallucis
- Abductor Digiti Minimi
What muscles are in the second layer of the foot?
- The lumbricals
- Quadratus Plantae
What muscles are in the third layer of the foot?
- Flexor hallucis brevis
- Adductor hallucis
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
What muscles are in the fourth layer of the foot?
The plantar and dorsal interossei
What artery supplies blood to the sole of the foot?
The posterior tibial artery.
