3 - The Abdomen I Flashcards
What are the main muscles in the abdominal wall?
Rectus Abdominus
Internal and extrenal oblique muscles
Transverse abdominus
Pyramidalis (minor muscle)
What structure does the external obliques run in the same direction as?
the external intercostals
What structure does the external obliques converge with?
The external oblique aponeurosis
What is the external oblique aponeurosis?
A sheet of connective tissue
What happens when the extrenal abdomimal obliques contract Bilaterally?
Causes an anterior flex of the abdomen (bending motion)
What happens when the external abdominal obliques contract unilaterally with the contralateral internal abdominals?
This causes rotation of the abdomen
What happens when the external abdominal obliques contract unilaterally with the ipsilateral internal abdominals?
This causes lateral flexion of the abdomen
What direction do the internal abdominal obliques run in realtion to the externals?
They run perpendicular
What happens when the interior abdominal obliques contract bilaterally?
Causes an anterior flex of the abdomen (bending motion)
What happens when the interior abdominal obliques contract unilaterally?
They can either cause an ipsilateral rotation or an ipsilateral lateral flexion
What is the proximal attachment of the rectus abdominus?
The xiphoid process and the 5th to 7th costal cartilages
What is the distal attachment of the rectus abdominus
The pubic bone
What splits the recus abdominus down the midline?
The linea alba, has 3 tendonous intersections
The rectus sheath…
Wraps itself around the rectus abdominus and the pyramidalis muscle
Formed from the aponeurosis of the other muscles in the abdominal region
Function of the transverse abdominus
Keeps the internal organs in place
The fore-gut (begining to end)
Extends from the mouth region to the second part of the duodenum when the bile duct inputs.
The mid-gut (begining to end)
Extends from the part of the duodenum where the bile duct enters to halfway along the transverse colon.
The hind-gut (begining to end)
The last portion of the transverse colon
What is the first unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta and where does it supply blood to?
The celiac trunk, supplies blood to the foregut
What is the first unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta and where does it supply blood to?
The celiac trunk, supplies blood to the foregut
What is the second unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta and where does it suppy blood to?
The superior mesenteric artery, supplies blood to the midgut
What is the third unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta and where does it supply blood to?
The inferior mesenteric artery, supplies blood to the hindgut.
The Greater Ementum? (function)
Travels to the area of injury wrapping itself around it, has immunological functions.
the gut is visible when this is flipped back
The Greater Ementum? (function)
Travels to the area of injury wrapping itself around it, has immunological functions.
the gut is visible when this is flipped back
The small intestine consists of…
Doudenum, Jejunum and Ileum
The large intestine consists of…
The Caecum (where the appendix is attached), Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon. Rectum and Anus
What are Pilcae Circulares?
folds that slow down the movement of food and increase surface area.
What is mesentry?
A double layer fold of peritoneum around the intestines attatching them to the posterior abdominal wall.
Contains the jejunum, ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon.
Blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves are found between the peritoneum.
What are appendicies apiploica and where are they found?
fatty tags found on the anterior and posterior parts of the colon, found in the large intestine.
What are teania coli and where are they found?
A bond of 3 longitudinal muscles, they contract to create sacs calles haustrations, found on the large intestine
What is peritoneum?
Serous membrane lining the walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities (parietal peritoneum), and organs/viscera (visceral peritoneum)
What are structures within the peritoneum known as?
Intraperitoneal
What are sturctures covered only anteriorly by peritoneum known as?
retroperitoneal
What are Primary retroperitoneal structures?
areas that started towards the back in gestation and stay in their postion eg the rectum and the oesophagus
What is an omphalacele?
A birth defect which causes an open space across the midline where the intestines are outside the body.
