3 - The Abdomen I

Question 1

What are the main muscles in the abdominal wall?

Answer 1

Rectus Abdominus
Internal and extrenal oblique muscles
Transverse abdominus
Pyramidalis (minor muscle)

Question 2

What structure does the external obliques run in the same direction as?

Answer 2

the external intercostals

Question 3

What structure does the external obliques converge with?

Answer 3

The external oblique aponeurosis

Question 4

What is the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer 4

A sheet of connective tissue

Question 5

What happens when the extrenal abdomimal obliques contract Bilaterally?

Answer 5

Causes an anterior flex of the abdomen (bending motion)

Question 6

What happens when the external abdominal obliques contract unilaterally with the contralateral internal abdominals?

Answer 6

This causes rotation of the abdomen

Question 7

What happens when the external abdominal obliques contract unilaterally with the ipsilateral internal abdominals?

Answer 7

This causes lateral flexion of the abdomen

Question 8

What direction do the internal abdominal obliques run in realtion to the externals?

Answer 8

They run perpendicular

Question 9

What happens when the interior abdominal obliques contract bilaterally?

Answer 9

Causes an anterior flex of the abdomen (bending motion)

Question 10

What happens when the interior abdominal obliques contract unilaterally?

Answer 10

They can either cause an ipsilateral rotation or an ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 11

What is the proximal attachment of the rectus abdominus?

Answer 11

The xiphoid process and the 5th to 7th costal cartilages

Question 12

What is the distal attachment of the rectus abdominus

Answer 12

The pubic bone

Question 13

What splits the recus abdominus down the midline?

Answer 13

The linea alba, has 3 tendonous intersections

Question 14

The rectus sheath…

Answer 14

Wraps itself around the rectus abdominus and the pyramidalis muscle
Formed from the aponeurosis of the other muscles in the abdominal region

Question 15

Function of the transverse abdominus

Answer 15

Keeps the internal organs in place

Question 16

The fore-gut (begining to end)

Answer 16

Extends from the mouth region to the second part of the duodenum when the bile duct inputs.

Question 17

The mid-gut (begining to end)

Answer 17

Extends from the part of the duodenum where the bile duct enters to halfway along the transverse colon.

Question 18

The hind-gut (begining to end)

Answer 18

The last portion of the transverse colon

Question 19

What is the first unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta and where does it supply blood to?

Answer 19

The celiac trunk, supplies blood to the foregut

Question 19

What is the first unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta and where does it supply blood to?

Answer 19

The celiac trunk, supplies blood to the foregut

Question 20

What is the second unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta and where does it suppy blood to?

Answer 20

The superior mesenteric artery, supplies blood to the midgut

Question 21

What is the third unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta and where does it supply blood to?

Answer 21

The inferior mesenteric artery, supplies blood to the hindgut.

Question 22

The Greater Ementum? (function)

Answer 22

Travels to the area of injury wrapping itself around it, has immunological functions.
the gut is visible when this is flipped back

Question 22

The Greater Ementum? (function)

Answer 22

Travels to the area of injury wrapping itself around it, has immunological functions.
the gut is visible when this is flipped back

Question 23

The small intestine consists of…

Answer 23

Doudenum, Jejunum and Ileum

Question 24

The large intestine consists of…

Answer 24

The Caecum (where the appendix is attached), Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon. Rectum and Anus

Question 25

What are Pilcae Circulares?

Answer 25

folds that slow down the movement of food and increase surface area.

Question 26

What is mesentry?

Answer 26

A double layer fold of peritoneum around the intestines attatching them to the posterior abdominal wall.
Contains the jejunum, ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon.
Blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves are found between the peritoneum.

Question 27

What are appendicies apiploica and where are they found?

Answer 27

fatty tags found on the anterior and posterior parts of the colon, found in the large intestine.

Question 28

What are teania coli and where are they found?

Answer 28

A bond of 3 longitudinal muscles, they contract to create sacs calles haustrations, found on the large intestine

Question 29

What is peritoneum?

Answer 29

Serous membrane lining the walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities (parietal peritoneum), and organs/viscera (visceral peritoneum)

Question 30

What are structures within the peritoneum known as?

Answer 30

Intraperitoneal

Question 31

What are sturctures covered only anteriorly by peritoneum known as?

Answer 31

retroperitoneal

Question 32

What are Primary retroperitoneal structures?

Answer 32

areas that started towards the back in gestation and stay in their postion eg the rectum and the oesophagus

Question 33

What is an omphalacele?

Answer 33

A birth defect which causes an open space across the midline where the intestines are outside the body.