4 - The Abdomen II

Question 1

What are some structures associated with the foregut?

Answer 1

The stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen

Question 2

Where does the stomach mainly sit?

Answer 2

In the left hyperchodriac, epigastric and umblical regions.
Can also extend into the gastroesophagial junction and the pyloric orifice.

Question 3

What are the 2 borders of the stomach?

Answer 3

The greater and lesser curvatures

Question 4

What does the lesser omentum connect?

Answer 4

the liver and the lessser curvature of the stomach

Question 5

What does the lesser omentum become when it meets the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 5

The greater omentum

Question 6

What is the stomach connected to anteriorly?

Answer 6

The anterior abdominal wall, the left lobe of the liver and the diaphragm

Question 7

What can be found behind the stomach?

Answer 7

The lesser sac and the lesser omentum, the diaphragm, the aorta, the pancreas, the left kidney, the supra-reanl gland, the sphrenic artery, the spleen

Question 8

What are the innervations of the stomach?

Answer 8

Parasympathetically by branches of the vagus nerve, anterior and posterior gastric nerves and sympathetically by the celiac plexus.

Question 9

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 9

Deoxyfying the blood from the gastrointestinal system, also produces bile.

Question 10

How does the gallbladder attach to the liver?

Answer 10

Via the cystic duct.

Question 11

How many lobes are in the liver and what are they called?

Answer 11

3, the left lobe, the right lobe and the caudate lobe.

Question 12

What splits the right and left lobes of the liver?

Answer 12

Falciform ligaments (double layered peritoneum), ligamentum terrace on the inside

Question 13

Is the liver intra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 13

Intra apart form the bare area and the porter hepatis

Question 14

What is the porter hepatis and where is it positioned?

Answer 14

A bundle of vessles containing the heptic portal vein, the hepatic artery proper and the common hepatic duct, located below the inferior vena cava

Question 15

What 2 sources deos the blood recieved to the liver come from?

Answer 15

The hepatic artery proper and the hepatic portal vein (brings blood into the liver for processing)

Question 16

What 3 parts can the gallbladder be divided into?

Answer 16

the fundus, body and neck

Question 17

Where does the pancreas mainly sit?

Answer 17

In the epigastric region and left hyperchondriac region
Posterior to the stomach

Question 18

Is the pancreas intra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 18

Mostly retroperitoneal apart from its tail

Question 19

Where does the main pancreatic duct extend from?

Answer 19

From the tail along to the second part of the duodenum

Question 20

what is the sphincter called that controls the main secretions from the pancreatic duct?

Answer 20

the sphinctier of odi

Question 21

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 21

In the left hyperchondriac region and posterior to the stomach.

Question 22

What are the functions of the spleen?

Answer 22

• Largest secondary lymphoid organ
• Filters blood and presnets antigens
• Facilitates the breakdown of arithrocytes
• site of creation of blood cells in-utero

Question 23

Is the spleein intra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

Intraperitoneal as the gastrosplenic ligament (lesser omentum) wraps around it

Question 24

What are the 3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 24

The 1st is the celiac trunk, 2nd is the superior mesenteric artery and the 3rd is the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 25

What does the celiac trunk split into?

Answer 25

splits into 3 the common hepatic artery, the splenic artery and the left gastric artery

Question 26

The splenic artery splits into the..

Answer 26

splenic artery proper and the left gastroepiploic artery (supllies blood to the greater curvature)

Question 27

The common hepatic artery splits into the…

Answer 27

• hepatic artery proper, which gives rise to the right gastric artery and right and left hepatic artery.
• gastroduodenal artery