12 - The Leg - I

Question 1

What type of joint is the ankle?

Answer 1

A synovial joint.

Question 2

What movement is dorsiflexion?

Answer 2

Moving the ankle so the toes are pointing upwards.

Question 3

What movement is plantarflexion?

Answer 3

Moving the ankle so the toes are pointing downwards.

Question 4

What is inversion?

Answer 4

Medial rotation of the foot, too much inversion of the ankle could lead to a break or sprain.

Question 5

What is eversion?

Answer 5

Lateral rotation of the ankle.

Question 6

What position is the ankle the weakest in?

Answer 6

Plantarflexion.

Question 7

How many muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 8

Dorsiflexion and extension of the toes.

Question 9

What joints do the extension of the toes happen at?

Answer 9

Interphalangeal and metacarpal joint.

Question 10

Tibialis Anterior (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 10

• Originates firm the lateral surface of the tibia and attaches to the medial cuneate and the base of metacarpal 1.
• Dorsiflexes the foot also inverts the foot.

Question 11

Extensor Digitorum longus (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 11

• Originates form the lateral tibial condyle and the medial surface of the fibula, it splits into 4 and each tendon inserts onto a toe.
• It extends the lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexes the foot.

Question 12

Extensor Hallucis Longus (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 12

• Originates from the medial surface of the fibular shaft and converges into a tendon to insert onto the big toe.
• It extends the big toes and dorsiflexes the foot.

Question 13

What innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment?

Answer 13

The deep fibula nerve, which is a branch of the common fibular nerve.

Question 14

What vessel supplies blood to the anterior compartment?

Answer 14

The anterior tibial artery.

Question 15

What is the function of the muscles in the lateral compartment?

Answer 15

Eversion and weak plantar flexion.

Question 16

How many muscles are there in the lateral compartment?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

Fibularis longus (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 17

• Originates from the superior and lateral surface of the fibula and the lateral tibial condyle.
• It converges into a tendon and descends below the lateral malleolus into the foot and crosses over on the plantar side to insert onto the 1st metatarsal.

Question 18

Fibularis Brevis (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 18

• Originates form the fibular shaft and converges into a tendon with the Fibularis longus and attaches to the 5th metatarsal.

Question 19

What innervates the muscles in the lateral compartment?

Answer 19

• The superficial fibular nerve, which gives sensation to the dorsum of the foot.

Question 20

What vessel supplies blood to the lateral compartment?

Answer 20

Branches of the fibular artery.

Question 21

What is the most likely cause of a common fibular nerve injury?

Answer 21

If the neck of the fibula becomes injured, can cause numbness and prevent dorsiflexion.

Question 22

What is the function of the superior muscles of the posterior compartment?

Answer 22

Plantarflexion and flexion of the toes.

Question 23

How many superior muscles are there in the posterior compartment?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

Gastrocnemius (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 24

• Originates form either the medial or lateral condyle of the femur depending on what head it is, they then converge into a tendon and insert onto the calcaneus.
• It plantarflexes at the ankle and flexes at the knee.

Question 25

Soleus (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 25

• Originates from the soleal line on the tibia and proximal fibula, in converges to form a tendon then inserts onto the calcaneus.
• It plantarflexes the foot and has a role to play in the venous return of blood.

Question 26

Soleus (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 26

• Originates from the soleal line on the tibia and proximal fibula, in converges to form a tendon then inserts onto the calcaneus.
• It plantarflexes the foot and has a role to play in the venous return of blood.

Question 27

Plantaris

Answer 27

• Originates from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur, It converges to form a tendon which travels down the leg, between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, then inserts onto the calcaneus.
• It helps with plantar flexion at the ankle and flexion at the knee.

Question 28

What is the function of the deep muscles in the posterior compartment?

Answer 28

Flexion of the toes.

Question 29

How many deep muscles are there in the posterior compartment?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

Tibialis posterior (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 30

• Originates from the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula, inserts onto the plantar surfaces of the metatarsal bones.
• Inverts and plantarflexes the foot.

Question 31

Flexor digitorum longus? (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 31

• Originates form the medial surface if the tibia and converges into tendons which inserts onto the plant side of the toes.
• It flexes the 4 lateral toes.

Question 32

Flexor hallucis longus? (articulation/ what does it do)

Answer 32

• Originates from the posterior surface of the fibular and converges into a tendon and inserts onto the plantar surface of the big toe.
• It flexes the toe.

Question 33

What innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment?

Answer 33

The tibial nerve, which splits into the lateral and medial plantar nerve.

Question 34

What vessel supplies the blood to the posterior compartment?

Answer 34

• Posterior tibial artery.
• Fibula artery.