12 - The Leg - I Flashcards
What type of joint is the ankle?
A synovial joint.
What movement is dorsiflexion?
Moving the ankle so the toes are pointing upwards.
What movement is plantarflexion?
Moving the ankle so the toes are pointing downwards.
What is inversion?
Medial rotation of the foot, too much inversion of the ankle could lead to a break or sprain.
What is eversion?
Lateral rotation of the ankle.
What position is the ankle the weakest in?
Plantarflexion.
How many muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
3
What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Dorsiflexion and extension of the toes.
What joints do the extension of the toes happen at?
Interphalangeal and metacarpal joint.
Tibialis Anterior (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates firm the lateral surface of the tibia and attaches to the medial cuneate and the base of metacarpal 1.
- Dorsiflexes the foot also inverts the foot.
Extensor Digitorum longus (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates form the lateral tibial condyle and the medial surface of the fibula, it splits into 4 and each tendon inserts onto a toe.
- It extends the lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexes the foot.
Extensor Hallucis Longus (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates from the medial surface of the fibular shaft and converges into a tendon to insert onto the big toe.
- It extends the big toes and dorsiflexes the foot.
What innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment?
The deep fibula nerve, which is a branch of the common fibular nerve.
What vessel supplies blood to the anterior compartment?
The anterior tibial artery.
What is the function of the muscles in the lateral compartment?
Eversion and weak plantar flexion.
How many muscles are there in the lateral compartment?
2
Fibularis longus (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates from the superior and lateral surface of the fibula and the lateral tibial condyle.
- It converges into a tendon and descends below the lateral malleolus into the foot and crosses over on the plantar side to insert onto the 1st metatarsal.
Fibularis Brevis (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates form the fibular shaft and converges into a tendon with the Fibularis longus and attaches to the 5th metatarsal.
What innervates the muscles in the lateral compartment?
- The superficial fibular nerve, which gives sensation to the dorsum of the foot.
What vessel supplies blood to the lateral compartment?
Branches of the fibular artery.
What is the most likely cause of a common fibular nerve injury?
If the neck of the fibula becomes injured, can cause numbness and prevent dorsiflexion.
What is the function of the superior muscles of the posterior compartment?
Plantarflexion and flexion of the toes.
How many superior muscles are there in the posterior compartment?
3
Gastrocnemius (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates form either the medial or lateral condyle of the femur depending on what head it is, they then converge into a tendon and insert onto the calcaneus.
- It plantarflexes at the ankle and flexes at the knee.
Soleus (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates from the soleal line on the tibia and proximal fibula, in converges to form a tendon then inserts onto the calcaneus.
- It plantarflexes the foot and has a role to play in the venous return of blood.
Soleus (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates from the soleal line on the tibia and proximal fibula, in converges to form a tendon then inserts onto the calcaneus.
- It plantarflexes the foot and has a role to play in the venous return of blood.
Plantaris
- Originates from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur, It converges to form a tendon which travels down the leg, between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, then inserts onto the calcaneus.
- It helps with plantar flexion at the ankle and flexion at the knee.
What is the function of the deep muscles in the posterior compartment?
Flexion of the toes.
How many deep muscles are there in the posterior compartment?
4
Tibialis posterior (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates from the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula, inserts onto the plantar surfaces of the metatarsal bones.
- Inverts and plantarflexes the foot.
Flexor digitorum longus? (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates form the medial surface if the tibia and converges into tendons which inserts onto the plant side of the toes.
- It flexes the 4 lateral toes.
Flexor hallucis longus? (articulation/ what does it do)
- Originates from the posterior surface of the fibular and converges into a tendon and inserts onto the plantar surface of the big toe.
- It flexes the toe.
What innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment?
The tibial nerve, which splits into the lateral and medial plantar nerve.
What vessel supplies the blood to the posterior compartment?
- Posterior tibial artery.
- Fibula artery.