11- Hip joint, Gluteal region, Posterior thigh Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial ball and socket joint
Where does the head of the femur sit?
In the Acetabulum
What deepens the acetabulum and acts as a vacuum for the head of the femur?
The acetabular labrum and the femoral ligament
What is the function of the joint capsule?
Connects the acetabulum and the neck of the femur helping to strengthen the joint.
How do the ligaments help to increase the stability and strengthen the joint?
They tighten in extension and loosen in flexion
What are the 3 ligaments that join the femur to the pelvic girdle?
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
ishiofemoral ligament
Iliofemoral Ligament (articulation/what does it do?)
Comes from the anterior-inferior ileac spine.
The strongest of the 3 ligaments.
Prevent hyperextension.
Pubofemoral ligament (articulation/what does it do?)
Comes form the pubis
Prevents overabduction
Ishiofemoral ligament (articulation/what does it do?)
Comes from the ishium
Weakest of the 2 ligaments
What causes osteoarthritis of the hip?
Wear and tear of the articulate cartilage
What are some symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip?
Stiffness of the hip and limited range of movement
How many muscle are in the gluteal region?
4
What are the muscles of the gluteal region?
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Facia Lata
Gluteus Maximus (articulation/what does it do?)
Powerful extensor of the hip
Originates form the posterior third of the ileum and inserts onto the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity.
Gluteus Medius and Minimus (articulation/what does it do?)
Abduct at the hip and also medially rotates the thigh.
Both originate from the ileum and insert onto the greater trochanter
Tensor Fascia Lata (articulation/what does it do?)
Abducts at the hip and also medially rotates the thigh.
Originates from the anterior iliac crest, attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine, it inserts into the iliotibial tract.
What innervates the gluteal region?
The inferior and superior gluteal nerves.
The inferior supplies all but the gluteus maximus which is supplied by the inferior.
What muscles makes up the lateral rotator group/ deep muscles?
Piriformis - most superior of the deep muscles
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
Inferior and superior Gameli
What ligaments make the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
The Sacrospinous and Scrotuberus Ligaments.
What is the function of the greater foramen?
A passageway for the nerves and arteries to leave the gluteal region.
What muscles are in the Posterior Compartment of the thigh?
Hamstrings - Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Biceps femoris (Long and short heads)
- Adductor magnus
What is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment?
The FLEX the leg at the knee joint and EXTEND the thigh at the hip joint.
Semimembranosus (articulation/what does it do?)
- Originates from the ischial tuberosity and inserts onto the medial tibial condyle.
- Flexes the leg and the knee and extends the hip.
- Medially rotates the thigh
Semitendinosus (articulation/what does it do?)
Originates form the ischial tuberosity and inserts onto the medial surface of the tibia.
Biceps femoris (articulation/what does it do?)
Long head - Originates from the ischial tuberosity
Short head - Originates from the linear aspera of the posterior femur
They Converge into a tendon and insert onto the fibular.
what are the 2 divisions of the Sciatic nerve?
The tibial portion and the common fibular portion
What innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment?
The Tibial portion of the Sciatic Nerve innervates them all apart form the short head of the biceps femoris which is innervated by the common fibular portion.
Where does the Sciatic nerve lie?
Under the piriformis.
What supplies blood to the posterior compartment?
The perforating arteries coming from the profunda femoris
What are the contents of the Popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery
Popliteal Vein
Tibial Nerve
Common fibular nerve
