7. Cholinomimetics

Question 1

Which are the direct-acting cholinomimetic groups?

Answer 1

• Muscarinic (mainly):
  
  • ​Choline esters
    
    • Synthetic
  • Alkaloids
• Nicotinic:
  
  • ​Ganglionic
  • NMJ

Question 2

Which are the choline esters of the direct-acting cholinomimetics?

Answer 2

• ACh
• Bethanecol
• Carbachol
• Methacholine
• Synthetics:
  
  • ​Civemeline
  • Varenicline

Question 3

Which are the alkaloids direct-acting cholinomimetics?

Answer 3

• Pilocarpine
• Lobeline
• Arecoline
• Nicotine
• Muscarin

Question 4

Which are the groups of indirect-acting cholinomimetics - AChE inhibitors?

Answer 4

• Reversible:
  
  • Competitive
  • Non-competitive - Carbamates
• Irreversible (non-competitive)
  
  • Organophosphates

Question 5

Which are the reversible indirect-acting cholinomimetics - AChE inhibitors?

Answer 5

• Edrophonium
• Physostigmine
• Rivastigmine
• Neostigmine, distigmine
• Pyridostigmine
• Ambenonium
• Demecarium
• Donepezile, tacrine

Question 6

Which are the irreversible indirect-acting cholinomimetics - AChE inhibitors?

Answer 6

Organophosphates (e.g. echothiophate)

Question 7

How do we treat irreversible AChE inhibitors (organophosphates)?

Answer 7

Pralidoxim