19. Drugs used for treatment of heart failure I: Drugs decreasing the load on the heart. Drugs of acute cardiac failure

Question 1

Which are the drugs to decrease the cardiac load?

Answer 1

• RAAS inhibitors:
  
  • ​ACEIs
  • ARBs
  • Renin inhibitor
• Diuretics:
  
  • ​Aldosterone antagonists
  • Potassium-excreting diuretics
    
    • Loop diuretics
    • Thiazides and related compound
• Vasodilators
  
  • ​Hydralazine
• Venodilators
  
  • ​Nitrates
• Heart rate controllers
  
  • _​_Ivabradine
  • Ranolazine
• Beta blockers:
  
  • Bisprolol, nebivolol, metoprolol
  • Carvedilol

Question 2

Which are the positive inotropic drugs?

Answer 2

• Heart glycosides
• Beta agonists:
  
  • ​Dobutamine
  • Dopamine
• PDE-inhibitors
  
  • ​Bipyridines
    
    • ​Amrinone
    • Milrinone
  • Methylxanthine
    
    • Theophyllin
    • Aminophyllin
  • Other
    
    • Vesnarinon
• Calcium sensitizers:
  
  • ​Benzimidazoles
    
    • Pimobendan
    • Levosimendan

Question 3

Which are the new drug posibilities for acute cardiac failure?

Answer 3

• Endothelin-1 receptor antagonists:
  
  • ​Bosentan
  • Ambrisentan
• Endothelin convertase inhibitor:
  
  • ​Phosphoramidon
• BNP analogue:
  
  • ​Nesiritide
• Others:
  
  • ​Coenzyme Q10
  • Carperitide ularitide
  • Aliskrein
  • Serelaxin
  • Ivabradin