18. Drugs used for the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Therapy of migraine

Question 1

Which are the groups of drugs used to increase peripheral circulation in peripheral vascular disorders?

Answer 1

• Alpha blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• PDE inhibitors
• Xanthine derivatives
• Ergot derivatives
• Others

Question 2

Which are the alpha blockers increasing circulation in PVD?

Answer 2

Prazosin

Question 3

Which are the calcium channel blockers increasing circulation in PVD?

Answer 3

• Cinnarizine
• Bencyclane

Question 4

Which are the PDE inhibitors increasing circulation in PVD?

Answer 4

• Cilostazol
• Sildenafil, Tadanafil

Question 5

Which are the xanthin derivatives increasing circulation in PVD?

Answer 5

Penthoxyphylline

Question 6

Which are the ergot derivatives increasing circulation in PVD?

Answer 6

Nicergoline

Question 7

Which are the other drugs increasing circulation in PVD?

Answer 7

• Vinpocetin
• Niacin
• Naftidofuryle

Question 8

Which are the drugs used to treat varicose veins?

Answer 8

• Pentosan polysulfate Na+
• Bioflavanoids:
  
  • Rutoside
  • Diosmin
• (Ginko bilbao extract)
• (Calcium dobesilate)

Question 9

Which are the vasodilatory tissue agents used in peripheral vascular disease?

Answer 9

• Alprostadil
• Iloprost

Question 10

Which are the endothel receptor antagonists used in peripheral vascular disease?

Answer 10

• Bosentan
• Ambrisentan
• Macitentan

Question 11

Which are the possible treatments of a migraine attack?

Answer 11

• NSAIDs
• O2
• Calcium channel blockers
  
  • Verapamil
• Antiemetics
  
  • ​Metoclopramide
  • Domperidone
• Serotonin antagonists​
  
  • Zolmitriptane
  • Eletriptane
  • Naratriptane
  • Frovatriptane
  • Sumatriptane
• Ergot derivatives
  
  • Dihydroergotamine

Question 12

What are the possible prophylactic treatments of migraine?

Answer 12

• Beta-blockers:
  
  • Propanolol (1^st drug of choice)
  • Metoprolol, timolol, nadolol
• Ca²⁺ channel blockers:
  
  • Flunarizine (1^st drug of choice)
  • Nimodipine, verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine
• Antiepileptics:
  
  • Topiramate, valproate, carbamazepine (also for trigeminal pain), gabapentine (also for neuropathy)
  • Metoprolol, timolol, nadolol
• 5-HT_2B/C and histamine antagonists:
  
  • Methysergide (discontinued because of fibrosis)
  • Cyproheptadine
• Antidepressants
  
  • Amitriptyline, fluoxetine
• NSAIDs