33. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract Flashcards
Which groups of laxatives are there?
- Laxatives enhancing the bulk of the stool
- Osmotic laxatives
- Laxatives softening the stool (lubricants)
- Laxatives irritating/stimulating the intestinal wall
- Opioid antagonists
- Chloride channel activators
Which are the laxatives enhancing the bulk of the stool?
-
Colloidal laxatives:
- Methylcellulose
- Gummi arabicum
- Psyllium
- Tragacantha
- Dried fruits
Which are the osmotic laxatives?
-
Inorganic salts (onset: 1-3h):
- Mg-sulfate
- Na-sulfate
- Na-phosphate
-
Not absorbing carbohydrates (onset 1-3 days):
- Lactulose
- Sorbitol
- Mannitol
- Glycerin
Which are the laxatives for softening the stool (lubricants)?
- Paraffin oil
- Docusate
Which are the laxatives irritating/stimulating the intestinal wall?
-
Natural compounds:
-
Emodins in (onset: 6-8h):
- Senna
- Aloe
- Rhubarb
- Frangula
- Castor oil (onset: 1-6h)
-
Emodins in (onset: 6-8h):
-
Synthetic drugs:
- Phenolphtalein
- Bisacodyl
- Na-picosulfate
Which are the opioid antagonist laxatives?
- Methylnaltrexone
- Alvimopan
Which are the chloride channel activator laxatives?
- Lubiprostone
- Linactolide
What groups of antidiarrheal drugs are there?
- Adsorbing and astringent materials
- Agents decreasing motility
- Enkephalinase inhibitors
- Others
Which are the adsorbing materials, antidiarrheal drugs?
- Activated charcoal
- Tannic acid
- Bolus alba
Which are the astringent materials, antidiarrheal drugs?
Bismuth subgallate
Which are the agents decreasing motility, antidiarrheal drugs?
-
Opioids:
- Diphenoxylate
- Loperamide
-
Parasympatholytics:
- Atropine
Which are the enkephalinase inhibitors, antidiarrheal drugs?
Racekadotril
Which are the other antidiarrheal drugs?
- Octreotide
- Crofelemer
Which are the drugs promoting digestion?
-
Appetite enhancing drugs (orexogenics):
- Bitters (amara)
- Herbs (aromatica)
- Cannabinoids
-
Drugs of acid therapy:
- Diluted chloric acid (10%)
- Bethaine HCl
- Citric acid
- Tartaric acid
-
Digestive enzymes:
- Pepsin
- Pancreatin, lipase, protease, amylase, …
- Tilactase
Which are the hepatoprotective drugs?
- Sylmarine
- Silibiline
