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3/4 VET HEALTH > 6.Reproductive system > Flashcards

6.Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Overall function of reproductive system

A

to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells) which fuse together to create offspring, ensuring the ongoing survival of species through procreation

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2
Q

Define puberty

A

process of physical changes through which a childs body matures into an adult capable of sexual reproduction

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3
Q

Describe primary sexual characteristics

A

physical traits present at birth, reproductive organs

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4
Q

Describe secondary sexual characteristics

A

sexual characteristics that develop during puberty

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5
Q

female primary sexual organs

A

vagina, ovaries and uterus

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6
Q

male primary sexual organs

A

penis and testes

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7
Q

name 3 female secondary sexual characteristics

A

mature breast, wider hips, pubic hair

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8
Q

male secondary sexual characteristics

A

enlarged Adams apple, pubic hair, more facial hair, libido, muscle mass

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9
Q

Identify 5 female reproductive system functions

A

-to form ova
-receptacle for spermatozoa
-environment suitable for conception and development of foetus
-childbirth
-produce milk to nourish child

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10
Q

What are the ovaries

A

-female gonads (2)

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11
Q

Describe structure of ovaries

A

2 layers
-medulla: centre of fibrous tissue, nerves and blood vessels
-cortex: surround medulla to provide framework to hold ovarian follicles in various stages of development

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12
Q

Function of ovaries

A

-produce /secrete oestrogen and progesterone
-develop and release an ovum during reproductive cycle

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13
Q

Define ovulation

A

release of mature ova from ovaries into fallopian tubes

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14
Q

function of oestrogen

A

-develop female secondary sexual characteristics
-onset of menstrual cycle
-stimulate lining of uterus (thickens) to prepare for reception of fertilised ovum

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15
Q

function of progesterone

A

-promotes final preparation of uterine wall to receive fertilised ovum
-inhibit uterine wall contractions (shedding of uterine wall lining)
-suppress further ovulation
-stimulate milk production

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16
Q

Identify order of hormone release in menstrual cycle

A

FSH
Oestrogen-ovaries
LH
Progesterone -ovaries

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17
Q

what is fertilisation

A

-fusion of sperm cell and ova to create a zygote in the FALLOPIAN TUBES

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18
Q

What is implantation

A

-fertilised egg cell (zygote) starts to divide
-dividing embryo pushed along fallopian tube by muscular contraction -peristalsis
-zygotę reaches uterus and embeds in the lining of uterus wall
-placenta forms

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19
Q

function of placenta

A

provides nourishment and waste removal

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21
Q

function of umbilical chord

A

joins foetus to placenta

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21
Q

function of amniotic sac

A

contains fluid which provides protection and cushioning

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22
Q

Identify external genitaia in females

A

mans pubis
major and minor labia
clitoris
perineum

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23
Q

Function of mans pubis

A

-protect pelvic bones
-enhance sexual arousal

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24
Q

Function of labias

A

-protective covering
-enhance sexual arousal

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25
Q

function of clitoris

A

-large collection of nerve endings (highly sensitive)
-erectile tissue involved in sexual arousal

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26
Q

Where is the perineum

A

area of skin between vagina and anus

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27
Q

function of perineum

A

-structural support for anus and urinary tract
-provides barrier between genitalia and bacteria/pathogens

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28
Q

What is the vagina

A

muscular tube between cervix and vagina

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29
Q

structure of vagina

A

-outer layer of areolar tissue
-middle layer of smooth muscle
-inner layer of stratified squamous epithelium that create rugae (ridges)

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30
Q

Function of vagina

A

-provide passageway for menstrual flow out of body
-expand during childbirth to allow foetus to move
-receive penis for sperm exchange

31
Q

What is the uterus

A

hollow smooth muscular organ

32
Q

structure of uterus

A

Fundus, body and cervix

3 layers
perimetrium (outer), myometrium and endometrium (inner)

33
Q

Whats fundus (uterus)

A

dome shape above uterine tubules

34
Q

Whats body (uterus)

A

main part

35
Q

where is the Cervix

A

between uterus and vagina

36
Q

Function of uterus

A

-provide nourishment and oxygen via placenta (pregnant)
-to shed and allow cycle to begin again (normal)

37
Q

What are fallopian tubes

A

uterine tubules or salpinges

38
Q

Structure of fallopian tube

A

-extend from sides of uterus between fundus and body
-trumpet shaped ends that penetrate walls of uterus close to the ovaries
-lined with ciliated cells

39
Q

Function of fallopian tubes

A

site of fertilisation
receive oocyte from ovary
facilitate transport of eggs from ovary to uterus

40
Q

What are breast

A

accessory gland of female reproductive system

41
Q

structure of breast

A

-glandular, fatty and fibrous connective tissues
-anchored to chest wall
-each breast has 20 lobes

42
Q

Function of breast

A

Provide lactation after pregnancy
-prolactin which stimulates milk production
-oxytocin (stimulated by sucking) which allows for flow of breast milk

43
Q

What is scrotum

A

pouch of skin

44
Q

structure of scrotum

A

-comprised of fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle
-2 compartments seperated by septum (testes and epididymis)

45
Q

Function of scrotum

A

-hold testes outside body
-maintains environment (temperature) optimal for production, maturation and storage of sperm

46
Q

What are testes

A

male gonads (2)

47
Q

Structure of testes

A

suspended in scrotum by spermatic cords

48
Q

function of testes

A

produce sperm within seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone

49
Q

What is the epididymis

A

tube that connects testicles to the vas deferens

50
Q

structure of epididymis

A

-long coiled tube located on top of each testicle
-has a head, body and tail

51
Q

Function of epididymis

A

maturation and storage of sperm

52
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

-tube connecting epididymis to urethra
-excretory duct of testis

53
Q

Structure of vas deferens

A

-fibromuscular tube
-30 to 45 cm in length

54
Q

Function of vas deferens

A

transport sperm away from testes /epididymis to the urethra/ ejaculatory duct

55
Q

What are the seminal vesicles

A

-small pair of glands
-accessory gland

56
Q

Structure of seminal vesicles

A

-coiled folded tubule
-below urinary bladder at end of vas deferens
-3 layers

57
Q

Outline 3 layers of vas deferens

A

-inner produces fluid
-middle is smooth muscle
-outer is connective tissue

58
Q

function of seminal vesicles

A

-produce and store fluid that makes up 60% of semen
-release fluid into ejaculatory duct

59
Q

What is urethra

A

muscular tube

60
Q

structure of urethra

A

-fibromuscular tube
-18 to 20 cm long

61
Q

Function of urethra

A

transport sperm and urine form vas deferens to outside of body (environment )

62
Q

What is the penis

A

male organ of sexual intercourse

63
Q

Strcture of penis

A

Root-attaches to wall of abdomen
Body/shaft:
-3 cylindrical layers of erectile tissue and smooth muscle
-Rich vascular supply
Glans/head -covered by foreskin if uncircumcised

64
Q

Function of penis

A

-ejaculate sperm into female reproductive tract
-secrete urine

65
Q

What is the prostate gland

A

accessory gland of male reproductive system

66
Q

location of prostate gland

A

-located between bladder and penis
-anterior to rectum
-urethra runs through centre of prostate

67
Q

Function of prostate gland

A

secrete prostate fluid which nourishes and protects sperm

68
Q

Function of sperm

A

travel through female vagina into cervix and fertilise and ovum

69
Q

Function of testosterone

A

produced by testes
-trigger sperm production
-muscle and bone growth leading to increased height and weight
-hair growth -pubic, facial, chest ,
-enlargement of male genitalia eg penis, scrotum and prostate gland
-deepening of voice

70
Q

order of sperm through reproductive system

A

testes, epididymis, vas deferens and urethra

71
Q

when are progesterone levels low

A

if a zygote does not implant/no fertilisation into the uterine lining then there are decreased progesterone levels

72
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone function

A

controls production of eggs and sperm

73
Q

Luteinizing hormone function

A

controls oestrogen and testosterone production as well as ovulation

74
Q
A

3/4 VET HEALTH (22 decks)

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