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3/4 VET HEALTH > 5.Endocrine System > Flashcards

5.Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the endocrine system

A

-network of glands and organs located throughout the body
-glands secrete hormones directly into the circulation of the blood stream

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2
Q

Function of endocrine system

A

-regulates a range of bodily functions through the release of chemical messengers; hormones
-receives and sends messages (chemical) to other parts of the body

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3
Q

What are glands

A

-organs that secrete substances (often hormones)

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4
Q

What is the endocrine gland

A

-ductless gland that secrets hormones directly into the bloodstream

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5
Q

What is the structure of hormones

A

chemical substances secreted directly into bloodstream by a gland of the endocrine system which acts on target cells of the body

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6
Q

Function of hormones

A

-affect the activity of target cells
-acts as chemical messengers, controlling and coordinating activities throughout the body

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7
Q

Contrast the endocrine and nervous system

A

-glands VS nerve cells
-chemical communication VS electrical and chemical communication
-slower transfer VS faster transfer
-Longer duration of effects VS shorter

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8
Q

Main role of hypothalamus is endocrine system

A

Maintains homeostasis by stimulating other glands to secrete hormones

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9
Q

Identify hormones released by hypothalamus

A

-corticotropin-releasing hormone
-growth hormone-releasing hormone

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10
Q

Function of Corticotropin-releasing hormone

A

stimulates the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids that play a role in metabolism and immune repose

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11
Q

Function of growth hormone-releasing hormone

A

stimulates pituitary gland to secrete human growth hormone

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12
Q

location of pituitary gland

A

lies below the hypothalamus (more anterior)

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13
Q

Main function of the pituitary gland

A

regulates growth and reproduction

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14
Q

identify hormones released by pituitary gland

A

Human growth hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Luteinising hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Prolactin
oxytocin
thyroid stimulating hormone

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15
Q

Human growth hormone function

A

regulates growth and physical development

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16
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone function

A

stimulates adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones i.e cortisol

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17
Q

Luteinising hormone function

A

controls oestrogen and testosterone production as well as ovulation

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18
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone function

A

controls production of eggs and sperm

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19
Q

Melatonin function

A

regulates sleep-wake cycles
such as the diurnal and circadian rhythms

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20
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone function

A

stimulates thyroid glands to release thyroid hormones i.e thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin

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21
Q

Oxytocin function

A

aids lactation and childbirth

22
Q

Antidiuretic hormone function

A

increases water reabsorption in kidneys

23
Q

Pineal gland function

A

to secrete melatonin in responds to light levels and in turn regulates sleep and wake cycles

23
Q

Pineal gland function

A

controls circadian and diurnal rhythms -sleep wake cycles

24
Q

Describe the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

-receives signals from the eyes (about light levels) and sends messages to the pineal gland (via hypothalamus) to influence the secretion of melatonin and hence sleepiness

25
Q

High light levels means

A

less melatonin /less drowsiness and vice versa

26
Q

Outline importance of sleep

A

-repair muscle/body cells
-consolidate neural pathways (memory)
-conserve energy

27
Q

List 5 symptoms of poor sleep

A

-affective=high irritability, loss of personality/dull
-behavioural- decreased motor control + clumsiness
-cognitive=poor memory and decreased focus

28
Q

Function of thymus gland

A

-development and maturation of T cells
-produces thymosin which stimulates immune cell growth

29
Q

Structure of thyroid gland

A

butterfly shaped and 2 lobes

30
Q

Function of thyroid gland

A

metabolism (rate at which energy is broken down)

31
Q

Function of triiodothyronine and thyroxine

A

regulates body temperature, metabolism and heat rate

32
Q

Function of calcitonin

A

regulates calcium levels in body

stores Calcium in bones

CAN inhibit the kidneys re-uptake of calcium

33
Q

Structure of parathyroid glands

A

4 glands embedded into posterior surface of thyroid glands

34
Q

Function of parathyroid hormone

A

-regulates Ca, P, Mg levels in blood and bones
-stimulates release of Ca from bones into bloodstream

35
Q

What does the kidney do to calcium

A

converts vitamin d into calcitriol which helps increase Ca absorption from intestines into blood

36
Q

Alpha cells

A

pancreatic islets that break down glycogen stores in liver and muscle cells into glucose hence increasing BGL

37
Q

Beta cells

A

pancreatic islets that convert excess glucose into glycogen in liver and muscle cells hence decreasing BGL to WNL

38
Q

Structure of adrenal glands

A

superior to each each kidney and made of medulla (inner) and cortex (outer)

39
Q

Identify Hormones released by adrenal glands

A

adrenaline & noradrenaline-medulla
cortisol-cortex
aldosterone

40
Q

Adrenaline & noradrenaline function

A

-responsible for fight or flight (sympathetic NS)
-increase HR, metabolism,
-pupils dilate
-divert blood to vital organs and muscles

41
Q

Cortisol function

A

influences metabolism, BSL, anti inflammatory effects

42
Q

Aldosterone function

A

regulates salt and water levels in blood, in turn regulates BP

43
Q

Identify hormones released by ovaries

A

oesterogen and progesterone

44
Q

Oestrogen function

A

helps regulate female development and growth in breasts

regulates menstrual cycle

45
Q

Progesterone function

A

regulates menstrual cycles
vital in pregnancy

46
Q

Whats testosterone released by

A

testes

47
Q

Testosterone function

A

-sex drive/male libido
-bone mass
-fat distribution
-muscle mass/strength
-produce RBC’s and sperm

48
Q

Prolactin function

A

regulates milk production

49
Q

ADH function

A

increases water reabsorption in kidneys

50
Q

ACTH function

A

stimulates adrenal glands to release steroid hormones i.e cortisol

3/4 VET HEALTH (22 decks)

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