6.7,8: Intro To Mutations And Small Scale Mutations

Question 1

What are mutations?

Answer 1

• changes in the genetic material of a cell, which can alter phenotypes

Question 2

Mutations are the primary source of ____ ____

Answer 2

Genetic variation

Question 3

Why can mutations be bad? (2)

Answer 3

• Normal function and production of cellular products is essential
• any disruption can cause new phenotypes

Question 4

What are large scale mutations? In other words, where do large scale mutations occur?

Answer 4

Chromosomal changes

Question 5

What are small scale mutations? In other words, where and what occurs?

Answer 5

• nucleotide substitutions, insertions, or deletions

Question 6

What are the two categories of small scale mutations?

Answer 6

Point and frameshift mutations

Question 7

What are the three types of point mutations aka substitutions?

Answer 7

• silent
• missense
• Nonsense

Question 8

What occurs in point mutation?

Answer 8

Changes a single nucleotide pair of a gene

Question 9

Point mutations and substitution are interchangeable words. What is substitution?

Answer 9

The replacement of one nucleotide and it’s partner with another pairs of nucleotides

Question 10

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 10

Change still codes for the same amino acid (remember redundancy in the genetic code) (GOOD)

Question 11

What is a missense mutation?

Answer 11

Change results in a different amino acid (GOOD OR BAD)

Question 12

What is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 12

Change results in a stop codon (BAD)

Question 13

What is a frameshift mutation? (2)

Answer 13

• When the reading frame of the genetic frame is altered

- disastrous effect to resulting proteins

Question 14

What are two types of frameshift mutations?

Answer 14

Insertions and deletions

Question 15

What is an insertion?

Answer 15

A nucleotide is inserted

Question 16

What is a deletion?

Answer 16

Nucleotide removed