3.1,2,3,4: Metabolism And Law Of Thermodynamics Flashcards
What is metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions in an organism
What are metabolic pathways?
- series of chemical reactions that either build complex molecules or break down complex molecules
What are the two types of metabolic pathways?
Catabolic amd anabolic pathways
What are catabolic pathways?
- pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecukes into simpler compounds
What are anabolic pathways?
Pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds
What is the definition of energy?
The ability to do work
Why do organisms need energy?
To survive and function
What happens if there is a loss in energy flow?
Death
What is kinetic energy?
Energy associated with motion
What is thermal energy a type of energy of?
Type of kinetic energy
What is thermal energy?
Energy associated with the movement of atoms or molecules
What is potential energy?
Stored energy
What is chemical energy a subdivision of?
Potential energy
What is chemical energy?
Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
What is the Law of Thermodynamics?
The study of energy transformations in matter
What does the law of thermodynamics apply to?
The universe as a whole
What is the 1st law of thermodynamics? (2)
- energy cannot be created or destroyed
- energy can be transferred or transformed
In relation to the 1st law, how does the squirrel eating then climbing the tree represent the law?
The chemical (potential) energy stored in the nut will be transformed into kinetic energy for the squirrel to climb the tree
What is entropy? (2)
Disorder of the universe
Aka level of disorganization
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics? (2)
- Energy transformation increases entropy of thw universe
- during energy transfers or transformations, some energy is unusable and often lost as heat
Why do scientists use the concept of free energy?
To determine the likelihood of reactions in organism, or if the reactions are energetically
What does the free energy change of reactions determine?
Whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously
What does it mean for a reaction to occur spontaneously?
No outside input of energy required
Based on free energy changes, chemical reactions can be classified as _____ or _____.
Exergonic or endergonic
What are exergonic reactions?
- reactions that release energy
- ex. Cellular respiration
What is an endergonic reaction?
- reaction that absorbs energy
- ex. Photosynthesis
