6.1 - Emergence And Evolution Of Modern Sport Flashcards
What is mob football?
Mass game with very few rules played between or in villages
What is cock fighting?
Throw sticks at a cockerel from about 20 feet. If you knocked over the bird and picked up the stick before the bird picked itself up, you could claim the bird and charge others to throw at it
What were the 2 social classes pre industrial britain was split into?
Upper class - aristocracy or gentry who were hereditary landowners
Lower/Peasant class - peasants who worked manually, mainly on land
What were common activities for the peasant class? (4)
Mob football
Dog fighting
Prize fighting
Cock fighting
What were common activities for the upper class? (2)
Real tennis
Fox hunting
What activities were both classes able to participate in? (2)
Pedestrianism - lower class would compete and the upper class would sponsor participants
Cricket
What is an amateur?
Person who competes in sports but doesn’t receive rewards for participation
What is a professsional?
Person who competes in sport activities and earns an income by participating
How was gender affected in pre-industrial britain?
Women seen as ‘weaker’ sex - participated in activities which weren’t as dangerous
One activity which lower class women and one activity which upper class women were involved in, in pre-industrial britain?
Lower class - smock race (compete for the prize of a smock)
Upper class - archery
What was law and order like in pre-industrial britain for upper and lower classes? (3)
Little law and order (this shaped the types of activities which would take place)
Peasant class involved in more violent activities such as: bare-knuckled fighting, animal baiting which reflect the lack of law and order
Mob football had few laws which reflected the lack of law and order
What was education like in pre-industrial britain for upper and lower classes?
Upper class - could read, write and understand rules of sophisticated activities like tennis
Lower class - uneducated and illiterate, involved in activities with little rules such as mob football
What was the availability of time like in pre-industrial britain for upper and lower classes?
Lower class - involved in long working hours doing labour, little appetite for physical exercise due to work
Upper class - had more time on their hands and could therefore be involved in activities that were longer lasting
What was the availability of money like in pre-industrial britain for upper and lower classes?
Upper class - more time and money so had more opportunity for involvement. Afford equipment, facilities and had exclusive activities due to money
Lower class - less time and less money so less opportunity for sports. Can’t afford any extra equipment
What was the availability of type and availability of transport like in pre-industrial britain for upper and lower classes?
Upper class - horse
Lower class - walk
Could only travel so far as roads were in appalling state
How did social class change in post 1850 industrial britain? (3)
Middle class was made - more time and money to be involved in sport activities
Went to public schools
We’re influential in developing rules and governing bodies of sport activities such as football and rugby
How did gender and the status of women change post 1850 industrial britain? (4)
Status began to change
Assumption women should marry was compromised due to shortage of men (due to war and men more likely to emigrate)
Women given right to have equal rights to work, study and own property
This encouraged women to be more involved in sport and physical education in sport
How did law and order change post 1850 industrial britain? (3)
Development of more defined laws and a sense of order affected the types of activities which took place
Changes led to a decrease in blood sports
Upper class however held onto their sports
- law makers were upper and middle class and it was in their interest to support their sports
How did education and literacy change post 1850 industrial britain?
National system of education was introduced
Vast majority of working class had little interest in education, perceived too be of little relevance
Child labour was still common
1891 education act - education became free and more accessible to the working class
- this led to understanding of more sophisticated rules in sport and allowed more people to be introduced to sport
How did availability of time and money change post 1850 industrial britain?
Factory owners realised that sport could keep their workers loyal and healthy
Given a half day on Saturday to engage in sports
Although more time was available, there was still a lack of participation as workers didnt have any disposable income
How did time and availability of transport change post 1850 industrial britain?
River communications - canals and boats
Development of roads
Development of bicycles
Development of railways
Eventually motor cars
- this allowed spectators to travel and support the team at away fixtures
Why was the middle class important in the development of sport?
Many went to public schools and were influential in developing rules and governing bodies of sports activities
What was the implications of sport to headmasters in the 1800s?
We’re not in favour of sport
What was the implications of sport to headmasters in the 1850s?
Sport became more important in education of upper class boys in public schools
