3.1 - Biochemical Principles: Newtons Law Of Motion, Force And The Use Of Technology Flashcards
What is Newton’s first law of motion and what does it state
Law of inertia - states that a body continues at a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force or an unbalanced object.
What is Newton’s second law of motion and what does it state
Law of acceleration - A body’s rate of change in momentum is proportional to the size of the force applied. Acts in the same direction as the force.
What is Newton’s third law of motion and what does it state
Law of reaction - every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the calculation for velocity
Velocity = displacement / time taken
What is the equation for momentum
Momentum = mass x velocity
What is the equation for acceleration
Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time taken
what is the equation for force?
Force = mass x acceleration
What are the 5 effects force can have?
Force can create motion
Force can accelerate a body
Force can decelerate a body
Force can change the direction of a body
Force can change the shape of a body
What is net force?
The sum of all forces acting on a body
What is the equation for weight?
Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity
What are the 4 factors that effect friction?
Roughness of ground surface
Roughness of contact surface
Temperature
Size of normal reaction
what are the 4 factors that affect air resistance?
Velocity
Shape
Front cross sectional area
Smoothness of a surface
What is the purpose of limb kinematics?
Can focus on a specific limb or a piece of equipment and analyse the technique in the preparation, execution and recovery phases of motion
What is the purpose of force plates?
To measure the ground reaction forces and moments involved in human movements
What is the purpose of wind tunnels?
Allows engineers to have tight control on environmental variables such as wind speed or wind direction
What is the centre of mass?
The point at which a body is balanced in all directions
What is the Fosbury flop technique? (3 points)
Uses a j curve to allow greater velocity in the approach
Plant foot outside to allow inside leg to lift, along with the arms, at take-off to raise the centre of mass as high as possible
Fully extend the spine to rotate around the bar moving the centre of mass outside the body and below the bar. Only one section of the body has to be over the bar at one time
What 4 factors affect stability?
Mass of the body
Height of the centre of mass
Base of support
Line of gravity
What are the 4 components of the lever system?
Lever
Fulcrum
Effort
Load
Describe the first class lever? Give an example?
Effort then fulcrum then load
Provides mechanical advantage
Example:
Extension of the neck when preparing to head a football
Describe the second class lever? Give an example.
Fulcrum then load then effort
Provides mechanical advantage
Example:
Ball of foot in the take-off phase of a high jump
Describe the third class lever system? Give an example.
Fulcrum effort load
Provides mechanical disadvantage
Example:
Performing a bicep curl
What is mechanical advantage?
Where the effort arm is greater than the load arm
What is mechanical disadvantage?
When the load arm is longer than the effort
