58. The mouth Flashcards
What is leucoplakia?
Pre-malignant legion that will not rub off
If it is hairy it may be attributed with HIV caused by EBV
What are apthous ulcers?
Shallow painful ulcers of the oral mucosa and tongue typically caused by trauma e.g. hard toothbrush or hard foods e.g. toast.
What can be the causes of more serious apthous ulcers?
Crohn's disease Coeliac's disease Bechet's (vasculitits) lichen planus (autoimmune) pemphigus infections
How do you treat ulcers?
Treat underlying cause
Tetracycline or antimicrobial hand wash
Topical analgesia
Systemic corticosteroids
Thalidomide
Biopsy any ulcers that dont heal
Oral candidiasis presents as white patches on the mucosa. What are the risk factors for oral candidiasis
Extremes of age Antibiotics Immune suppresion Long term inhalers Malignancy HIV
How do you treat oral candidiasis?
Nyastatin 400 000u (4ml 6/h)
Fluconaxole for oropharyngeal
What are the causes of cheilitis? (angular stomatitis)
Denture problems
Candidiasis
Iron or Vit B12 problems
What is gingivitis?
What causes it?
Gum inflammation and hypertrophy
Poor oral hygeine Drugs Pregnancy Vitamin c defiency AML vincent's angina
What is microstomia?
Small mouth caused by scleroderma, burns or epidermolysis bullosa
What do brown spots in the mouth predispose you to?
Peutz jegher’s (genetic mutation of tumour suppressor gene MTK11)
Addison’s disease
What diseases can cause the teeth to change colour?
Lead poisoning (blue line at the gum tooth margin) Childhood tetracycline exposure (yellow-brown)
Glossitis is a smooth,red sore tongue. What can cause this?
This may be caused by iron, folate or B12 deficiency.
Tongue cancer presents as a rasied ulcer with firm edges. It mainyl occurs in those who smoke and drink. How does it spread?
Anterior 1/3rd spreads to submental nodes
Middle 1/3rd to submandibular nodes
Posterior 1/3rd to deep cervical nodes
