402. Viruses Flashcards
Provide examples of the different types of herpes viruses.
Herpes labialis- cold sores hepres 1
Genital herpes- erpes 2
Keratoconjuctivitis- avoid steroids
Herpetic encephalitis
How are herpes viruses treated?
Confirmation with viral PCR of CSF, swab or vesicle scraping
Aciclovir, especially important to give empirically in suspected HSV encephalitits
What virus is responsibel for shingles
What are the symptoms and complications
How is it terated?
Latent Varicella zoster infection
Painful hyperaesthetic area. Post hepatic neuralgia, ramsay hunt syndrome
Oral aciclovir
How is shingles prevented
Vaccination at age70
What serious diseases may chickenpox warrant
In immunosuppressed may lead to Ecephalitis, VZV pneumonia, transverse myelitis, pericarditits
What are the presenting features of EBV?
Sore throat, lymphadenopathy, fever, anorexia, palatal petichae, splenomegaly
What viruses are associated with cancer?
EBV- Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, B cell, gastric cacner, oropharyngeal cancer, nasopharrngeal
HHV8- kaposai’s
HPV- Cervix, anus, vulva and penis
Hep B and C- hepatocellular carncinoma
HTLV-1 and MCV
Describe the various Human papilloma viruses and what diseases they cause?
Skin warts, verucas- 1&2
Anogenital warts- HPV 6&11
Cervical cancer- HPV 16 and 18
What does a measles infection look like?
Fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, diarrhoea, koplik spots (buccal mucosa spots)
Generalised maculopapular rash
Discuss the complications of a measles infection?
Secondary infection- bacterial pneumonitits, otitis media, occula rherpes simplex, Oral/GI candidiasis
Acute demyelinating encephalitits- Seizures, fever, irritability, rash
Subacute sclerosing panencepalitis- 5-10yr infection, changes in intellect and personality
Discuss the presentation of mumps?
Fever, myalgia, headache
Infection and tender swellign of salivary glands
What are the complications of a measles infection?
Meningoencephalitis, epidydimo-orchitis
Swollen, tender testicles, subfertility
oophritis, pancreatitis, deafness
Describe a rubella infection?
Fever, conjunctiviits, rhinorrhea
Generalised pink maculopapular rash
Lymphadenopathy
What vaccines are live vaccines?
BCg
Rotavirus
Rubella
Varicella zoster
What diseases are caused by malaezzi fungi?
Pityriasis versicolor- scaly pigmented rash
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Malassezia follicultits
How do you treat fungal infections?
-azole antifungal, or terbinafine 1-4 weeks
What fungal infection may mimic TB or sarcoidosis
Histoplasmosis
What risk factors increase the risk of a fungal infection?
Infection
Malignancy
Critical illness
Catheter
Transplantation
Genetic
Surgical
How to reduce incidence of catheter related infection?
Good catheter insertion
Reduce duration of catheter
Quality of catheter care
IS it necccesary? Is there obstruction?
What organsisms typically cause catheter related infections?
Staph. epidermis,
Staph. aureus
Candida
Enterococci
What organsism typically cause ventilator associated pneumonia?
What would make you suspect someone has a ventilator acquired pneumoniae?
Pseudamona aeruginosa
Enterobacteriaceae
Staph Aureus
Not so many clinical signs, suspect if new or persistnat infiltrates on CXR or sputumn, leucocytosis, luecopenia or increased temperature
How do you prevent a ventilator associated pneumonia?
Nurse at 45 degreees
Mouthwash, silver coated tubes
Wean off venilation as soon as possible
How do you manage a c.diff infection?
Isolate, use gloves, wash hands
Mild/moderate- metronidazole
Severe- Vancomycin
Non responding Vanc and IV met
Feacal transplant
