406. Last few infections Flashcards
How does botulism spread?
What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin
wound borne (IV drugs) or sausage (botulus)
blocks release of acetylcholine leading to flaccid paralysis
What are the signs of botulinum toxin?
Descending flaccid paralysis
botulinum toxin antitoxin
How do you treat tetanus?
ITU, anti-tetanus immunoglobulin,
wound debridement, metronidazole
diazepam for spasms
IV mag sulphate
How does rabies present?
HEache, myalgia odd behaviour, myalgia
Hydrophobia, aerophobia (fear of drafts/fresh air)
or paralysis–>coma–>death
What are the features of japanese tick enecphalitis?
Mild fever and headache
meningism,, altered mental status
Coma, seizures and spastic parlayis
What are the sympotms of west nile virus
Fever, headache, N&V
Lyphadenopathy
Neuroinvasive in 1%- leading to enecphalitis, meningitis and flaccid parlaysis
What is the highest cause of preventable epilepsy?
Neurocysticercosis- pork tapeworm disease
What is trachoma?
Infection endemic in africa caused by chlaymdia tachomatis. cuasing eye disease.
Describe the progression of trachoma?
Purulent discharge and follicular inflamamtion of the eylid
scarring,
eyelids turn inwards and irritate the cornea.
What is hitcheon’s sign with regards to herpes zoster virus?
Lesions at tip/side of node indicate V1 involvement and increased chance eye is involved
How does CMV retinitis present?
floaters, flashing lights
eye pain
visual loss
How does occular toxoplasmosis present?
Posterior uveitis
What causes river blindess?
Ochocerca volvulus- wom transmitted by the bite of black flies leading to adult larvae produced at mite and releasing 1000 of babies a day
What are the symtoms of river blindness?
Skin disease
Eye disease
Lymph damage
What is scabies
What are the symptoms
Mite that burrow into skin, cuasing allergic reaction
Rash, itching,
Secondary bacterial infection
What is the treatment for scabies?
Topical permethrin or malathion
What are the symtpoms of leishmaniasis?
Sand fly bite leads to
Itchy papule leading to painless ulcer
What is myasis?
What is the teatment
Painful swelling that indicates larvae infection under skin. Mobile feels riggly
Petrol prok fat causes asphyxiation
What are the presenting signs of leprosy?
Hypopigmented lesions
Sensory loss
Thickened nerves
Nodules plaques, epistaxis
Eye disease
What organism causes malaria?
How is malaria treated?
Rifampcin
Dapsone
Clofazimine
What is yaws
Chronic granulmatous diease casued by treponema pertenue
Presents with pallpiloma and dactilysis
How is Yaws treated?
Azithromycin
