260. Parathyroid hormone and hyperparathyroidism

Question 1

What are the causes of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 1

80% solitary adenoma

20% hyperplasia of the glands

Question 2

What are the signs of hyperparathyroidsim?

Answer 2

calcium- weak, tired, depressed, thirsty, dehydrated, renal stones

Bones- pain, fractures, osteopenia

Raised BP

Question 3

What tests can be done for hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 3

Calcium and PTH levels

Reduced PO4, raised ALP

Question 4

What are the treatments for primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 4

Mild- advise increased fluid itake, avoid thiazides, high calcium and vit d intake

If serious- excise adenoma

Question 5

What are the other types of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 5

Secondary- low calcium, due to low vit d, renal failure

Tertiary- occurs as a physiologically corrected response to secondary

Malignant- parathyroid related protein is produced by some squamous cell lung, breast and renal carcinomas

Question 6

What are the types of hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 6

Primary-PTH secretion is reduced due to gland failure

Secondary- damage due to radiation, surgery

Pseudo- failure of target calls response to PTH (short metacarpals)

pseudopseudo- looks like pseudo but all tests normal