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Science Flash Cards 🔬 > Chemistry Final > Flashcards

Chemistry Final Flashcards

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1
Q

List the characteristics of an acid

A
  • Tastes sour
  • corrosive
  • Turns blue litmus paper red
  • produces H₂
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the pH scale?

A

To test the acidity of a substance

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3
Q

List the characteristics of a base

A
  • Tastes bitter
  • Feels slippery
  • Turns red litmus paper blue
  • Corrosive
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4
Q

Is this a chemical reaction?

-You add a clear liquid to a clear liquid and it turns green

A

Yes, unexpected color change

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5
Q

Is this a chemical reaction?

-You mix a white solid into a clear solution and it dissolves

A

No, dissolving is a physical change

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6
Q

Is this a chemical reaction?

-You mix a yellow liquid with a clear liquid and it turns yellow and the temperature changes

A

Yes, temperature change is a chemical change

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7
Q

Is this a chemical reaction?

-You mix a blue liquid with a clear liquid and a blue solid appears at the bottom of the test tube

A

Yes, a new substance forms

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8
Q

Is this a chemical reaction?

-You mix two substances form and they produce gas

A

Yes, a new state of matter is formed

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9
Q

List 5 physical properties

A
  • Luster
  • Malleability
  • Ductility
  • Conductivity
  • Color
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10
Q

List 5 chemical properties

A
  • Oxidation
  • Combustion
  • Reactivity
  • Taste
  • Flammability
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11
Q

How would the following liquids layer?

  1. Purple- 3.5 g/mL
  2. Green- .45 g/mL
  3. Pink- 1.53 g/mL
  4. Orange- .99 g/mL
A
  • ———Green———-
  • ———Orange———-
  • ———Pink———-
  • ———Purple———-
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12
Q

Element, Compound, Mixture?

-A pure substance made of just one kind of atom

A

Element

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13
Q

Element, Compound, Mixture?

-Several kinds of particles together that have NOT chemically combined

A

Mixture

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14
Q

Element, Compound, Mixture?

-Copper is an example

A

Element

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15
Q

Element, Compound, Mixture?

-Made of two or more kinds of atoms chemically combined

A

Compound

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16
Q

Element, Compound, Mixture?

-About 112 different kinds

A

Element

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17
Q

Element, Compound, Mixture?

-CO₂ is an example

A

Compound

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18
Q

Element, Compound, Mixture?

-Sugar water is an example

A

Mixture

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19
Q

Element, Compound, Mixture?

-Can’t be broken down

A

Element

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20
Q

Homogenous or Heterogeneous?

-Sugar and water

A

Homogenous

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21
Q

Homogenous or Heterogeneous?

-Rasins and cereal

A

Heterogeneous

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22
Q

Homogenous or Heterogeneous?

-Baked chocolate cake

A

Homogenous

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23
Q

Homogenous or Heterogeneous?

-Ocean water

A

Homogenous

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24
Q

Homogenous or Heterogeneous?

-Italian dressing

A

Homogenous

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25
Q

What are 3 ways to test pH?

A
  1. Probe
  2. Colorimetric
  3. Litmus paper
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26
Q

Homogenous or Heterogeneous?

-Carbonated soda

A

Homogenous

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27
Q

Name 3 neutral substances

A

water, blood, milk

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28
Q

Drain cleaner has a pH of 14. It is very (basic/acidic)

A

basic

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29
Q

Solid

A

Definite shape AND volume

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30
Q

Liquid

A

Indefinite shape, definite volume

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31
Q

Gas

A

Indefinite shape AND volume

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32
Q

Plasma

A

Indefinite shape AND volume, electrically charged particles

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33
Q

What are 4 ways to determine if a chemical reaction had occurred?

A
  1. Temperature change
  2. Precipitate forms
  3. Unexpected color change (ex. clear liquid+clear liquid)
  4. Gases or bubbles released
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34
Q

Density

A

the ratio of mass to volume

35
Q

What two things happen to a substances’ density when the temperature changes?

A

It gets smaller or larger

36
Q

Two ways to determine volume

A
  1. Lengthwidthheight

2. Water-Displacement

37
Q

Atomic Theory Timeline:

The Greeks

A
  • An atom cannot be cut into smaller pieces
  • Everything is made up of atoms
  • Identical
38
Q

Atomic Theory Timeline:

Dalton

A
  • All elements are composed of atoms
  • Atoms of same element are exactly alike
  • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed
39
Q

Atomic Theory Timeline:

Plum Pudding/Muffin model

A

THOMSON

-Protons, neutrons, electrons randomly scattered , no nucleus

40
Q

Atomic Theory Timeline:

Gold foil

A

RUTHERFORD

  • An atom’s positive charge must be clustered in the nucleus
  • Mass in nucleus
  • Named + particles protons
41
Q

Atomic Theory Timeline:

Planetary

A

BOHR

-Fixed energy levels for electrons

42
Q

Atomic Theory Timeline:

Modern atomic model

A

CHADWICK

  • Nucleus that has protons and neutrons
  • The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons
43
Q

How is the periodic table organized?

A
  • Increasing atomic number
  • Families and groups based on characteristics
  • Generally, atomic mass is increasing from left to right
44
Q

Periodic Table

A

-A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties

45
Q

Element

A

-A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means; one of about 100 basic materials that make up all matter

46
Q

Atom

A

-The basic particle from which all elements are made

47
Q

Neutron

A

-a small particle in the nucleus of the atom with no electrical charge

48
Q

Proton

A

-a positively charged particle that is part of an atom’s nucleus

49
Q

Electron

A

-a negatively charged particle that is found outside the nucleus of an atom

50
Q

Dmitri Mendeleev

A

-created the periodic table

51
Q

Family/Group

A

-elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table, also known as a family

52
Q

Period

A

-a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

53
Q

Atomic Number

A

-number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

54
Q

Atomic Mass

A

-the average mass of all the isotopes of an element

55
Q

Matter

A

-anything that has mass and occupies space

56
Q

Solid

A

-a state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume

57
Q

Liquid

A

-a state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume

58
Q

Gas

A

-a state of matter with no definite shape or volume

59
Q

Plasma

A

-a gas-like state of matter consisting of a mixture of free electrons and atoms that are stripped of their electrons

60
Q

Sublimation

A

-change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state

61
Q

Evaporation

A

-the process that occurs when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid

62
Q

Condensation

A

-the change from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter

63
Q

Physical Property

A

-a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

64
Q

Chemical Property

A

-a characteristic of a pure substance that describe its ability to change into a different substance

65
Q

Physical Change

A

-a change in a substance that does not change its identity

66
Q

Chemical Change

A

-a change in which one of more substances combine or break apart to form new substances

67
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

-the process in which substances undergo chemical changes that result in the formation of new substances

68
Q

Mass

A

-measure of how much matter is an object

69
Q

Volume

A

-amount of space that matter occupies

70
Q

Density

A

-ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume

71
Q

Archimedes

A

-rule that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces

72
Q

Acid

A

-a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals, and carbonates, and turns blue litmus red

73
Q

Base

A

-a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue

74
Q

pH

A

-power of Hydrogen

75
Q

Compound

A

-a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined

76
Q

Mixture

A

-two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined

77
Q

Melting Point

A

-The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

78
Q

Boiling Point

A

-The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

79
Q

Freezing Point

A

-The change from the liquid to the solid state of matter

80
Q

Solubility

A

-measure of how solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature

81
Q

Oxidation

A

-rusting; reacting with oxygen

82
Q

Homogeneous

A

-mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout

83
Q

Heterogeneous

A

-mixture in which pure substances are unevenly distributed throughout

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