5.6 Aerobic Respiration

Question 1

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 1

In the cytoplasm

Question 2

(Glycolysis) 1. Two ATP release two phosphates which attach to what?

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

(Glycolysis) 1. what is the process by which the two phosphate attach to glucose?

Answer 3

Phosphorylation

Question 4

(Glycolysis) 1. When the 2 phosphates attach to glucose what molecule is formed?

Answer 4

Hexose bisphosphate

Question 5

(Glycolysis) 2. what does the addition of phosphates do to the glucose?

Answer 5

Destabilise it

Question 6

(Glycolysis) 2. The unstable hexose bisphosphate splits into what?

Answer 6

2 triose phosphates

Question 7

(Glycolysis) 2. What is the process by which the hexose phosphate splits into triose phosphates?

Answer 7

Lysis

Question 8

(Glycolysis) 3. Which process occurs again?

Answer 8

Phosphorylation

Question 9

(Glycolysis) 3. Inorganic phosphate is added to each triose phosphate forming what?

Answer 9

2 triose bisphosphate molecules

Question 10

(Glycolysis) 3. Where do the inorganic phosphates come from?

Answer 10

They’re free floating in the cytoplasm

Question 11

(Glycolysis) 4. The triose bisphosphates are oxidised by the removal of what?

Answer 11

Hydrogen

Question 12

(Glycolysis) 4. What is the process by which hydrogen is removed?

Answer 12

Dehydrogenation

Question 13

(Glycolysis) 4. Dehydrogenation of triose bisphosphates form what?

Answer 13

2 pyruvate

Question 14

(Glycolysis) 4. What accept the removed hydrogenated and what is formed?

Answer 14

NAD forming reduced NAD

Question 15

(Glycolysis) 4. Four phosphates are released forming what?

Answer 15

4 ATP

Question 16

In glycolysis what is the net ATP and why?

Answer 16

2 ATP

2 ATP are used, 4 are produced

Question 17

(Glycolysis) what is substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 17

The formation of ATP without the electron transport chain

Question 18

(Glycolysis) what is done with the reduced NAD?

Answer 18

It is used later to synthesise ATP

Question 19

What is the link reaction otherwise known as?

Answer 19

Oxidative decarboxylation

Question 20

(Link reaction) where does the link reaction occur?

Answer 20

The matrix

Question 21

(Link reaction) why does the link reaction occur in the matrix?

Answer 21

Glucose too large to leave the nucleus
Compartmentalisation
Mitochondria not originally in eukaryotic cells

Question 22

(Link reaction) 1. Co2 is removed from the pyruvate what is the process called?

Answer 22

Decarboxylation

Question 23

(Link reaction) 2. Hydrogen is removed from the pyruvate what is this process?

Answer 23

Oxidation

Question 24

(Link reaction) 2. what is the hydrogen accepted by?

Answer 24

NAD forming reduced NAD which is used in oxidative phosphorylation to synthesise ATP

Question 25

(Link reaction) 3. the removal of CO2 and H converts pyruvate into what?

Answer 25

acetyl group

Question 26

(Link reaction) 3. what does the acetyl group combine with?

Answer 26

coenzyme A

Question 27

(Link reaction) 4. what does acetylcoenzyme A do?

Answer 27

delivers acetyl group to krebs cycle

Question 28

(krebs cycle) where does the krebs cycle occur?

Answer 28

matrix of the mitochondria

Question 29

(krebs cycle) how many turns are needed to oxidise one glucose molecule?

Answer 29

2

Question 30

(krebs cycle) what does 2 turns of the krebs cycle yield?

Answer 30

4 CO2 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2

Question 31

(krebs cycle) what delivers the acetyl group?

Answer 31

acetylcoenzyme A

Question 32

(krebs cycle) the 2 carbon acetyl group combines with what?

Answer 32

4 carbon oxaloacetate

Question 33

(krebs cycle) the 2c acetyl group and 4c oxaloacetate to form what?

Answer 33

6 carbon citrate

Question 34

(krebs cycle) citrate undergoes which two processes regenerating oxaloacetate?

Answer 34

decarboxylation | dehydrogenation

Question 35

(krebs cycle) the dehydrogenation forms what?

Answer 35

3 reduced NADH | 1 reduced FADH2

Question 36

(krebs cycle) one ATP is produced by what process?

Answer 36

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 37

(electron transport chain) is also known as what?

Answer 37

oxidative phosphorylation | chemiosmosis

Question 38

(electron transport chain) 1. the hydrogen from reduced NAD dissociates into what?

Answer 38

Hydrogen and electron

Question 39

(electron transport chain) when are high energy electrons released?

Answer 39

when chemical bonds are broken

Question 40

(electron transport chain) 2. where do electrons pass?

Answer 40

carrier to carrier at progressively lower energy levels

Question 41

(electron transport chain) 3. energy is released in what type of reactions?

Answer 41

redox reactions

Question 42

(electron transport chain) 4. the energy released from redox reactions is used to do what?

Answer 42

pump protons from the matrix to the space between the inner and outer membrane

Question 43

(electron transport chain) 5. the proton concentration in the area between the inner and outer membrane increases establishing what?

Answer 43

proton gradient

Question 44

(electron transport chain) 6. protons diffuse down the concentration gradient to the matrix via what?

Answer 44

protein channels

Question 45

(electron transport chain) 7. protein channels have ATP synthase, what do the protons do?

Answer 45

provide energy to phosphorylate ADP to ATP

Question 46

(electron transport chain) 8. what acts as the final electron acceptor and what is formed?

Answer 46

O2 is final acceptor | O2 + H + e = H2O

Question 47

what do coenzymes do?

Answer 47

transfer protons, electrons and functional groups between reactions

Question 48

what would happen without coenzymes?

Answer 48

many respiratory enzymes wouldn't function, redox reactions wouldn't occur, little ATP made

Question 49

what does NAD take part in?

Answer 49

all stages of respiration

Question 50

how many hydrogens does NAD accept?

Answer 50

1

Question 51

when is NAD oxidised?

Answer 51

start of electron transport chain

Question 52

how many ATP does NAD synthesise?

Answer 52

3

Question 53

what does FAD take part in?

Answer 53

krebs cycle

Question 54

how many hydrogens does FAD accept?

Answer 54

2

Question 55

when is FAD oxidised?

Answer 55

later in the electron transport chain

Question 56

how many ATP does FAD synthesise?

Answer 56

2