4.2 kingdoms & classifications Flashcards

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1
Q

traditionally what 2 groups were all living things grouped into?

A

plants and animals

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2
Q

what became apparent regarding the 2 groups as living things were studied in greater detail?

A

not all organism fit as plants or animals

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3
Q

what are the 5 kingdoms?

A
Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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4
Q

what type of organisms are prokaryotae?

A

bacteria

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5
Q

what type of organisms are protoctista?

A

unicellular eukaryotes

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6
Q

what type of organisms are fungi?

A

yeast
moulds
mushrooms

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7
Q

what type of organisms are plantae?

A

plants

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8
Q

what type of organisms are animalia?

A

animals

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9
Q

what are some features of prokaryotes?

A

unicellular
no nucleus
no visible feeding mechanism

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10
Q

what are some features of protoctista?

A

eukaryotes
unicellular
nucleus
chloroplasts

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11
Q

what are some features of fungi?

A

heterotrophic eukaryotes
rigid chitin cell wall
multi nucleated cytoplasm

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12
Q

what are some features of plantae?

A

multicellular eukaryotes
photosynthetic
cellulose cell wall
autotrophic nutrition (make own food)

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13
Q

what are some features of animalia?

A

heterotrophic
multicellular eukaryotes
heterotrophic nutrition
fertilised eggs

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14
Q

prior to classification systems what were organism named according to? (Example)

A

physical characteristics

e.g. black bird

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15
Q

why was it not useful to classify organisms based upon physical characteristics?

A

animals could have multiple names which could differ according to languages

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16
Q

names based on physical characteristics also fail to provide what information?

A

info about the evolutionary relationships between animals

17
Q

what did Swedish Botanist Carl Linnaeus develop?

A

the binominal naming system

18
Q

what are the 8 classifications in the naming system?

A
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
19
Q

how are humans classified?

A
D - eukarya
K - Animalia
P - Chordata
C - mammalia
O - primates
F - Hominidae
G - homo
S - sapiens
20
Q

why did Linnaeus create the binominal naming system?

A

so scientists everywhere could use the same names

21
Q

in the binominal naming system no two species have what?

A

the same name

22
Q

what is the first name in binominal classification?

A

the generic name

23
Q

what does the generic name tell us?

A

the genus to which the organism belongs

24
Q

what is the second name in binominal classification?

A

the specific name

25
Q

what does the specific name indicate?

A

the organisms species

26
Q

how are names written?

A

lowercase italics with the first letter of the genus name uppercase

27
Q

what is the binominal name of a dog?

A

canis familaris

28
Q

why do scientists classify animals?

A

to identify species
to predict characteristics
find evolutionary links

29
Q

what is the smallest unit of classification?

A

species

30
Q

what is a species?

A

a group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring