5.2 Adrenal glands

Question 1

where are adrenal glands located?

Answer 1

top of each kidney

Question 2

what are the two parts of the adrenal glands?

Answer 2

adrenal medulla

adrenal cortex

Question 3

what are the adrenal medulla and cortex surrounded by?

Answer 3

a capsule

Question 4

is the adrenal medulla the inner or outer region?

Answer 4

inner

Question 5

what type of hormone does the adrenal medulla produce? give an example

Answer 5

non essential hormones

e.g. adrenaline

Question 6

is the adrenal cortex the inner or outer region?

Answer 6

outer

Question 7

what type of hormone does the adrenal cortex produce

Answer 7

essential hormones

Question 8

what is the adrenal cortex controlled by?

Answer 8

hormones released by the pituitary

Question 9

the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids what are they involved in?

Answer 9

regulating metabolism

regulating blood pressure and cardiovascular function in response to stress

Question 10

how do glucocorticoids (adrenal cortex) regulate metabolism?

Answer 10

control conversion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates

Question 11

give and example of a glucocorticoid (adrenal cortex):

Answer 11

cortisol

Question 12

the adrenal cortex produces mineralcorticoids what do they help control?

Answer 12

blood pressure

Question 13

how do mineralcorticoids (adrenal cortex) help control blood pressure?

Answer 13

through maintaining balance between salt and water concentrations in the blood

Question 14

give an example of a mineralcorticoid:

Answer 14

aldosterone

Question 15

the adrenal cortex releases androgens what do they do?

Answer 15

release small amounts of sex hormones with small impacts

Question 16

the adrenal medulla releases hormones when which nervous system is stimulated?

Answer 16

when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated

Question 17

the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline what does this do?

Answer 17

increases heart rate sending blood quickly to the muscles and brain
increases blood glucose conc by converting glycogen to glucose in the liver

Question 18

noradrenaline works with adrenaline in response to what?

Answer 18

stress

Question 19

what does noradrenaline do?

Answer 19

increases heart rate
causes pupil dilation
increases blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels in non essential organs