5.2 Adrenal glands Flashcards

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1
Q

where are adrenal glands located?

A

top of each kidney

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2
Q

what are the two parts of the adrenal glands?

A

adrenal medulla

adrenal cortex

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3
Q

what are the adrenal medulla and cortex surrounded by?

A

a capsule

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4
Q

is the adrenal medulla the inner or outer region?

A

inner

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5
Q

what type of hormone does the adrenal medulla produce? give an example

A

non essential hormones

e.g. adrenaline

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6
Q

is the adrenal cortex the inner or outer region?

A

outer

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7
Q

what type of hormone does the adrenal cortex produce

A

essential hormones

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8
Q

what is the adrenal cortex controlled by?

A

hormones released by the pituitary

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9
Q

the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids what are they involved in?

A

regulating metabolism

regulating blood pressure and cardiovascular function in response to stress

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10
Q

how do glucocorticoids (adrenal cortex) regulate metabolism?

A

control conversion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates

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11
Q

give and example of a glucocorticoid (adrenal cortex):

A

cortisol

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12
Q

the adrenal cortex produces mineralcorticoids what do they help control?

A

blood pressure

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13
Q

how do mineralcorticoids (adrenal cortex) help control blood pressure?

A

through maintaining balance between salt and water concentrations in the blood

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14
Q

give an example of a mineralcorticoid:

A

aldosterone

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15
Q

the adrenal cortex releases androgens what do they do?

A

release small amounts of sex hormones with small impacts

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16
Q

the adrenal medulla releases hormones when which nervous system is stimulated?

A

when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated

17
Q

the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline what does this do?

A

increases heart rate sending blood quickly to the muscles and brain
increases blood glucose conc by converting glycogen to glucose in the liver

18
Q

noradrenaline works with adrenaline in response to what?

A

stress

19
Q

what does noradrenaline do?

A

increases heart rate
causes pupil dilation
increases blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels in non essential organs