4.1 Viral Diseases

Question 1

Viruses are what?

Answer 1

Non living infectious agents

Question 2

What mode of action do viruses take?

Answer 2

Invade cells and use cell machinery to replicate

Question 3

Viruses are made of one protein and what else?

Answer 3

2 DNA or RNA

Question 4

What is a virus in humans?

Answer 4

HIV

Question 5

What is HIV?

Answer 5

Human immunodeficiency virus

Attacks immune system

Question 6

(HIV) how is it spread?

Answer 6

Sex
Contaminated Needles
Mother to baby

Question 7

(HIV) when do symptoms develop?

Answer 7

10 years after infection

Question 8

(HIV) what is AIDS?

Answer 8

Advanced stage of HIV

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 9

(HIV)what does HIV consist of?

Answer 9

Lipid bilayer
Glycoproteins
RNA
Reverse transcriptase in the capsid

Question 10

(HIV) 1. via it’s glycoproteins HIV binds to what?

Answer 10

Receptors on the surface of T cells

Question 11

(HIV)2. HIV fuses with the T helper cell membrane allowing RNA and enzymes to do what?

Answer 11

Enter cell

Question 12

(HIV) 3. Reverse transcriptase does what?

Answer 12

Translates the RNA into DNA which moves into the nucleus and is incorporated into genetic material

Question 13

(HIV) 4. mRNA is produced from the DNA and is used to do what?

Answer 13

Synthesis new viral proteins

Question 14

(HIV)5. A new viral cell then does what?

Answer 14

Buds off from T helper cell

Question 15

(HIV) 6. HIV replication results in what?

Answer 15

Death of T cells leading to weaker immune system

Question 16

Give an example of a virus that can affect animals and humans:

Answer 16

Influenza

Question 17

(Influenza) what does type A do?

Answer 17

Causes mild respiratory issues in humans and animals

Question 18

(Influenza) how is it spread?

Answer 18

Birds shedding it in their saliva, mucous and faeces

Question 19

(Influenza) responsible for large what?

Answer 19

Flu epidemics

Question 20

What is a virus affecting plants?

Answer 20

Tobacco mosaic

Question 21

(TMV) what plants does it affect?

Answer 21

Tobacco

Tomato

Question 22

(TMV) what are the common symptoms:

Answer 22

Mosaic
Lead curling
Yellowing

Question 23

(TMV) can only multiply in what?

Answer 23

Living cells

Question 24

(TMV) what can it do in dead tissue?

Answer 24

Survive dormant

Question 25

(TMV) can it be treated?

Answer 25

No plant needs to be discarded

Question 26

(TMV) how is it spread?

Answer 26

Workers clothes and tools