5.5-5.9 Flashcards
During the mid 20th century when there was an expansion of mechanized farming,new global agriculture systems, and information and technology that furthered previous advances in agricultural production
Third Agricultural Revolution
The advancement in plant biology of the mid 20th century
Green Revolution
The process of breeding two plants that have desirable characteristics to produce a single seed with both characteristics
Hybridization
A process in which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of seeds
Genetically modified organism(GMO)
The distance decay relationship between proximity to the urban market and the value of land, the closer the land is to an urban center the more valuable the land
Bid-rent theory
A type of agriculture that uses expensive machinery and other inputs
Capital intensive
A type of agriculture that produces a large amount of quantities and relies on low paid workers
Labor intensive
A type of capital intensive livestock operation in which many animals are kept in close quarters, and bred and fed in a controlled environment
Factory farming
A type of intensive farming where fish,shellfish, or water plants are raised in netted areas in the sea,tanks
Aquaculture(aqua farming)
Planting and harvesting a crop two times per year on the same piece of land
Double cropping
When farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same field
Intercropping(multicropping)
When only one crop is grown or one type of animal is raised per season on a piece of land. The opposite of multicropping
Monoculture
Confined spaces in which cattle and hog have limited movement, also called concentrated animal feeding operation(CAFOS)
Feedlots
When farmers grow one type of crop or raise one type of animal year after year. Also called continuous monoculture
Monocropping
Farms run as corporations, and the globalization of agriculture
Agribusiness
Corporations that operate in many countries
Transnational corporations
The ownership of other businesses involves in the steps of producing a particular good
Vertical integration
A process used by corporations to gather resources, transform them into goods, and then transport them to consume
Commodity chain
An increase in efficiency to lower the per-unit cost, resulting in greater profit
Economies of scale
The number of people that farmers can support given the available resources
Carrying capacity
Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip
Cool chains
A key component of economic geography, that deals with why people chose certain locations for various types of economic activity
Location theory
An economic model that suggests a pattern for the types of products that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market where they sold their goods
von Thunen model
An area that is flat and featureless with similar fertility and climate throughout
Isotropic plain
An economy where supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for land
Free-market economy
A type of agriculture that includes market gardening(truck gardening), and dairy farming
Horticulture
A graph used to determine the starting position for each land use relative to the market, as well as where each land use would end
Bid-price curve(bid-rent curve)
Naturally occurring beneficial conditions, that would prompt farmers to plant crops differently from these predictions by von Thumens model
Comparative advantage
All the steps required to get a product or service to a customer
Supply chain
Crops not essential to human survival that have a high profit margin
Luxury chain(crop)
The use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies. This can be one way to describe the current state of global food distribution
Neocolonialism
A movement that promoted higher incomes for producers and more sustainable farming practices. This started with the fair trade certificates for coffee in 1988
Fair trade movement
Public financial support, to farmers to safeguard food production
Subsidies
Roads,bridges,tunnels,ports,electricial grids,sewers,telecommunications,etc of a country
Infrastructure
