5.1-5.4 Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade

A

Agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the long term weather patterns in a region

A

Climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a type of agriculture when the primary goal is to grow/raise enough food and livestock to meet the immediate needs of farmers and families

A

Subsistence agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a type of agriculture when the goal is to raise enough crops and livestock to sell for profit

A

Commercial agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a type of agriculture in which farmers/ranchers use large amounts of inputs(energy,labor,machines,fertilizer) to maximize yeilds

A

Intensive agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a type of agriculture in which they use fewer amounts of inputs and typically result in less yields

A

Extensive agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a type of agriculture in which they use heavy investments in labor and capital, which results in high yields and profit

A

Intensive commercial agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a type of intensive agriculture that is labor and animal intensive using low paid human labor and NOT machines

A

Intensive subsistence agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a type of agriculture where few inputs are used, that is often used in climate extremes. Examples of this are nomadic herding, and shifting cultivation

A

Extensive subsistent agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a type of extensive agriculture where theres a low input of resources with a goal of selling for profit

A

Extensive commercial agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the money invested in land,equipment, and machines

A

Capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a type of subsidence agriculture that is practiced in arid and semi-arid climates, and relys on animals. Farmers move their herds to different pastures

A

Pastoral nomadism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a type of subsistent extensive farming where farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two then move to a new land

A

Shifting cultivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

this type of intensive commercial agriculture used a large commercial farm that specializes in one crop, and exploits low wage labor

A

Plantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

an intensive commercial, integrated system that demonstrates independence between crops and animals

A

Mixed crop and livestock farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a type of farming where wheat is produced in dry regions like prairies and plain

A

Grain farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a type of intensive farming, where traditional crops are driven to local markets and solf. Now because of refrigeration, these products can be sold to distant markets. Also called truck farming

A

Commercial gardening

7
Q

A type of intensive farming where fruits and vegetables are grown near an urban local market and sold to local suppliers,stores, and restaurants

A

Market gardening

8
Q

a type of farming that originally was local to small geographic area, now its different due to refrigeration and transportation

A

Dairy farming

9
Q

the geographic distance that milk is delivered

9
Q

a type of farming practiced in regions with hot dry summers,mild winters, and narrow valleys with some irrigation

A

Mediterranean agriculture

10
Q

the seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in summer and lower elevations in the winter

A

Transhumance

10
Q

commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area, typically in areas too dry to grow crops in large quantities

A

Livestock ranching

10
Q

groups of homes located near each other in a village with a strong sense of place and services

A

Clustered(Nucleated) settlements

11
patterns in which farmers lived in homes spread throughout the countryside
Dispersed settlements
12
patterns in which buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water or along transportation routes
Linear settlements
13
a way of describing plot boundaries
Metes and bounds
14
surveys that create rectangular plots of consistent size
Public land survey system/Township and range system
15
areas six miles long and six miles wide
Township
15
each square mile of a township that consists of 640 acres
Section
16
an area where farms were long, thin, sections of land that ran perpendicular to rivers ex.Quebec, and Louisiana
French long-lot system
17
the origin of farming when plants and animals were domesticated, the main type of farming was subsistence
First(neolithic) agriculture revolution
18
when dogs and horses were used for protection, work, and transportation
Animal domestication
19
when people first started using parts of stems or roots of existing plants to grow others
Plant domestication
20
The first major hearth of agriculture
Fertile crescent
20
when crops and animals were domesticated in multiple regions with seemingly no interaction among the people
Independent innovation
21
the global movement of plants and animals between afro-eurasia and the americas
Colombian exchange
22
during this time food supply grew as well as the population, mechanized and improved knowledge of fertilizers helped this
Second agriculture revolution
23
a series of laws enacted by the british government that enable land owners to purchase and enclose land for their own use
Enclosure acts
24
the technique of planting different crops in a specific sequence on the same plot of land in order to restore nutrients back into the soil
Crop rotation
25
the process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using canals,pipes,sprinklers,systems, or other human made devices rather than relying on rainfall
Irrigation