5.1-5.4 Flashcards
the process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade
Agriculture
the long term weather patterns in a region
Climate
a type of agriculture when the primary goal is to grow/raise enough food and livestock to meet the immediate needs of farmers and families
Subsistence agriculture
a type of agriculture when the goal is to raise enough crops and livestock to sell for profit
Commercial agriculture
a type of agriculture in which farmers/ranchers use large amounts of inputs(energy,labor,machines,fertilizer) to maximize yeilds
Intensive agriculture
a type of agriculture in which they use fewer amounts of inputs and typically result in less yields
Extensive agriculture
a type of agriculture in which they use heavy investments in labor and capital, which results in high yields and profit
Intensive commercial agriculture
a type of intensive agriculture that is labor and animal intensive using low paid human labor and NOT machines
Intensive subsistence agriculture
a type of agriculture where few inputs are used, that is often used in climate extremes. Examples of this are nomadic herding, and shifting cultivation
Extensive subsistent agriculture
a type of extensive agriculture where theres a low input of resources with a goal of selling for profit
Extensive commercial agriculture
the money invested in land,equipment, and machines
Capital
a type of subsidence agriculture that is practiced in arid and semi-arid climates, and relys on animals. Farmers move their herds to different pastures
Pastoral nomadism
a type of subsistent extensive farming where farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two then move to a new land
Shifting cultivation
this type of intensive commercial agriculture used a large commercial farm that specializes in one crop, and exploits low wage labor
Plantation
an intensive commercial, integrated system that demonstrates independence between crops and animals
Mixed crop and livestock farming
a type of farming where wheat is produced in dry regions like prairies and plain
Grain farming
a type of intensive farming, where traditional crops are driven to local markets and solf. Now because of refrigeration, these products can be sold to distant markets. Also called truck farming
Commercial gardening
A type of intensive farming where fruits and vegetables are grown near an urban local market and sold to local suppliers,stores, and restaurants
Market gardening
a type of farming that originally was local to small geographic area, now its different due to refrigeration and transportation
Dairy farming
the geographic distance that milk is delivered
Milk shed
a type of farming practiced in regions with hot dry summers,mild winters, and narrow valleys with some irrigation
Mediterranean agriculture
the seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in summer and lower elevations in the winter
Transhumance
commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area, typically in areas too dry to grow crops in large quantities
Livestock ranching
groups of homes located near each other in a village with a strong sense of place and services
Clustered(Nucleated) settlements