4.5-4.6 Flashcards
How a boundary will be maintained, how it will function, and what goods and people will be allowed to cross
Administered boundary
When a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries
Allocational boundary dispute(resource dispute)
Costal states that have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles where they can enforce laws on customs,immigration, and sanitation
Contiguous zone
Boundaries that have checkpoints where a passport or visa are required to enter a country
Controlled borders
A boundary established by a legal document, such as a treaty, that divides one entity from another
Defined boundary
A boundary drawn on a map by a cartographer to show the limits of a space
Delimited boundary
A boundary identified by physical objects placed on the landscape
Demarcated boundary
When two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal document or maps that identify the boundary
Definitional boundary
Territories that are a part of a state, yet geographically separate from the main state by one or more countries
Exclaves
Zones where coastal states can explore,extract minerals and manage natural resources up to 200 nautical miles
Exclusive economic zone(EEZ)
Water beyond any countries EEZ(exclusive economic zone) that is open to all states
High seas
A type of expansionism when one country seeks to annex territory where it has cultural ties to a part of the population or the land
Irredentism
Disputes that center on where a boundary should be, how its delimited, or demarcated
Locational boundary disputes(territorial disputes)
States,territories, or parts of a state or territory that are completely surrounded by the territory of another state
Political enclaves
A dispute that centers not on where a boundary is but how it functions
Operational boundary disputes(functional dispute)
A place located between two very different and contentious regions
Shatter belt
Areas that control nearly 30% of all oceans and seas and their EEZ’s are much larger than their large mass
Small island developing state(SIDS)
Areas that extend up to twelve nautical miles of sovereignty where commercial vessels may pass, but non commercial vessels may be challenged
Territorial seas
A law that states if two coastal states share a waterway and are less that 24 nautical miles apart then the distance between the two coasts is divided by half
United nations convention on the law of the sea(UNCLOS)
A count of the population, every ten years, to ensure the national congressional districts have approximately the same number of people
Census
Dispersing a group into several districts to prevent a majority
Cracking
Using spatial thinking techniques and tools to analyze elections and voting patterns
Electoral geography
People of a country who are eligable to vote
Electorate
The drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party in power to protect or increase its power
Gerrymandering
Redrawing two districts in order to force two elected representatives of the same party to run against eachother
Hijacking
Boundaries that are used at the subnational scale to divide countries into smaller units
Internal boundaries
Moving an area where an elected representative has support to an area where he or she does not support
Kidnapping
Combining like minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts
Packing
Changing the number of representatives granted to each state so it reflects the states populations
Reapportionment
When state legislative or state committees redraw district countries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people
Redistricting
Dividing a minority-population district with majority populations
Stacking
Internal boundaries that divide a countries electorate into subnational regions
Voting districts
