5.2 Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards
Pelvis that is superior to the pelvic inlet
False pelvis
Pelvis that is between the pelvic inlet snd pelvic outlet
True pelvis
Linea terminals is formed by
Arcuate line + pectinate line
Functions to guide the fetus towards the lesser pelvis during laboe
False pelvis
Part that is of the least pelvic dimensions
Midpelvis
Narrowest AP diameter of pelvic inlet and it’s measurement
Obstetric diameter (10 cms)
Narrowest transverse diameter
Interspinous diameter (10 cms)
AP diameter from sacral promontory to superior border pf pubis symphysis
True ap diameter
AP diameter of pelvic inlet from sacral promotory to inferior border of pubis
Diagonal AP diameter
AP diameter from sacral promontory to middle portion of pubis
Obstetric AP diameter
Weak areas of the pelvis
Pubic ramiAcetabulumRegion of sacroiliac jointAlae of ilium
Pelvic diaphragm is formed hy
Levator ani musclesCoccygeus muscle
Levator ani muscles
Puborectalis- maintaining fecal continenceIliococcygeus-supports anal canalCoccygeus-assist levayores ani
Pouch between anterior wall pf uterus and the urinary bladder
Vesicouterine pouch
Pocket formed between uterus and rectum
Rectouterine pouch
Pelvic fascia continuous with transversalis and iliipsoas fascia
Parietal pelvic fascia
Pelvic fascia providingn passage for blood vessels
Condensed endopelvic fascia
Arterial supply to the pelvisnis mainly given by
Internal iliac artery
6 main arteries entering the lesser pelvis of females
Paired internal iliac aa. Paired ovarian aaMedian sacral a. Superior rectal a.
Branches of the anterior division of internal iliac artery
UmbilicalObturatorInferior vesicalUterineMiddle rectalInternal pudendalInferior gluteal
Branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery
IliolumbarLateral sacralSuperior gluteal
The artery that is direct continuation if the inferior mesenteric artery that supplies the revtum and anal canal
Superior rectal artery
Artery that is the direct branch of the abdominal aorta and crosses the external iliac vessels them anastamoses with uterine artery
Ovarian artery
Internal iliac vein and external iliac veins merge to form common iliac vein. Right and left common iliac veins merge at the level of __ to form the __.
L4 or L5IVC
All pelvic organs are supplied by branches of the internal iliac artey except the __ and the __
Ovaries and the upper third of rectum
The obturator nerve supplies
Medial thigh muscles
Largest nerve in the body supplying the posterior aspect of the thigh and the entire left leg and foot
Sciatic nerve
Main nerve of the perineum and the chief sensory nerve of external genitalia
Pudendal nerve
Parasympathetic fibers to pelvic fascia arising from s2-s4
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Provide sympathetic innervation to lower limbs
Sacral stmpathetic trunks
Walls of bladder are composed of (muscle)
Detrusor muscle
Muscle at the neck of the male bladder which contracts to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder during ejaculation
Internal urethral sphincter
Arterial supply of the bladder
Superior vesical aa. - anterosuperior partInferior vesical aa. - fundus and neck in malesVaginal aa. - posteroinferiorBranches of obturator and inferior gluteal aa.
Rectosigmoid junction lies at level of __ vertebra
s3
Shallow diamond-shaped area bounded perioherally by the pelvic outlet and deeply by pelvic diaphragm
Perineum
Triangular musclofascial diaphragm in anterior part if perineum between ischiopubic rami, formed by sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineal muscle; enclosed by perineal membrane inferiorly
Urogenital diaphragm
Superficial perineal pouch between perineal fascia and perineal membrane
Superficial perineal pouch
Muscle which empties the urethra or urine or semen and assist in erection of penis
Bulbospongiosus muscle
Covers crura of the penis, maintains erection of penis by compressing outflow of veins
Ischiocavernosus muscle
Deep space that is contained between thw superficial and deep layers of fascia
Deep perineal pouch
Irregular mass coontaining collagenous, elastic fibers and both skeletal and smooth muscles; site of convergence and interlacing of fibers of muscles including bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
Perineal body
Perineal fascia which is the continuation of the anterior abdominal wall containing a fatty and a membranous layer
Superficial perineal fascia
Layer of superficial eprineal fascia containing colle’s fascia;Continuous with dartos fascia of penis and scrotumContinuous with the membranous layer of the subcutaneous tissue of abdomen
Membranous layer of superficial eprineal fascia
Perineal which becomes buck’s fascia at the level of the penis
Deep perineal fascia (investing or gallaudet fascia)
Collective name for female external genitalia
Vulva
Blood aupply of vulva
Branches of external and internal pudendal arteries
Alcock’s / pudendal canal
Anal/posterior triangle
Nerve supply of the skin of psoterior triangle
Inferior rectal nerve
Ischioanal fossa contains
Ischioanal fatPudendal nerveInferior rectal vessels
Arterial supply of anal canal
Superior rectal artery-area superior to pectinate linaInferior rectal aa. -inferior to pectinate lineMiddle rectal aa. - anastamose with superior and inferior rectal aa
Nerve supply to the anal anal superior to the pectinate line
Visceral innervation from the inferior hypogastric plexus
Main nerve of the perineum and chief sensory to the external genitalia; anterior rami of sacral plexus (s2-s4)
Pudendal nerve
The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis via
Greater sciatic foramen
3 branches of pudendal nerve
Inferior hemorrhoidal nerve: external anal sphincter and perianal skinPerineal nerve: muscle in urogenital triangle and skin in posterior surface of scrotumDorsal nerve to clitoris or penis
Nerve supply of the levator ani muscles
4th sacral nerve and pudendal nerve
