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ANATOMY > 5.1 Endocrine System > Flashcards

5.1 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Bony cavity of the spenoid bone where the pituitary gland lies

A

Sella turcica

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2
Q

The female pituitary gland is (heavier or lighter) than male pituitary gland

A

Female pituitary gland is heavier.

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3
Q

Also known as the adenohypophysis

A

Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

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4
Q

Also known as the neurohypophysis

A

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

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5
Q

The blood supply to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland is derived from

A

Circle of willis

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6
Q

Largest and most significant part of anterior pituitary

A

Pars distalis

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7
Q

Type of chromophils from anterior pituitary that are more numerous, smaller, and secrete less hormones (growth hormones (GH), somatotropin, and prolactin)

A

Acidophils: GH and somatostatin from Somatotropes; prolactin from Lactotropes

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8
Q

Type of chromophils from anterior pituitary that are less in number, bigger, and secrete more hormones (LH, FSH, ACTH, B-LPH, MSH, and TSH)

A

Basophils: LH and FSH from Gonadotropes; ACTH, B-LPH, and MSH from Corticotropes; TSH from Thryotropes

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9
Q

Type of cell from the angerior pituitary that don’t stain, with a central nucleus, and are non-functional

A

Chromophobes

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10
Q

The part of pituitary gland that serves only as a storage for hormones, and without any secretory activity

A

Posterior pituitary gland, specifically pars nervosa

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11
Q

Type of cell in pars nervosa which are dominant and resemble astrocyres

A

Pituicytes

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12
Q

Type of cell in the pars nervosa which function as the storage of oxytocin and ADH

A

Herring bodies

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13
Q

Paired organs located superior to kidneys

A

Adrenal glands

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14
Q

Shape of the adrenal glands

A

Right: triangular
Left: semilunar in shape

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15
Q

Part of adrenal gland which produces cortisol, aldosterone and androgens

A

Adrenal Cortex

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16
Q

Part of adrenal gland which produce epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Adrenal Medulla

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17
Q

Blood supply of adrenal gland

A

Superior suprarenal artery from inferior phrenic a.
Middle suprarenal a. from abdominal aorta
Inferior suprarenal a. from renal a.

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18
Q

Venous drainage of adrenal gland

A

Right suprarenal vein drains directly to the IVC

Left suprarenal vein drains inti the left renal vein then into the IVC

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19
Q

True or false: the adrenal cortex does not store products in granules - They diffuse directly into the plasma

A

True

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20
Q

Layer of adrenal cortex which contain arched cords of columnar or pyramidal cells, secreting mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

A

Zona glomerulosa

21
Q

Layer of adrenal cortex composed of straight cords that are perpendicular to the sruface and secrete cortisol

A

Zona fasciculata

22
Q

Layer of adrenal cortex with irregular cords secreting DHEA

A

Zona reticularis

23
Q

Principal cells in the adrenal medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

24
Q

The thyroid gland lies on what vertebral level

A

C5-T1

25
Q

The lumen of each follicle of the thyroid is filled with

A

Colloid (large gelatinous protein called thyroglobulin)

26
Q

Lining of thyroid follicles

A

Normal: Simple cuboidal epith.
Hypoactive: simple squamous epith.
Very active: simple columnar epith.

27
Q

Cells if the thyroid gland that stain lightly and secrete calcitonin

A

C-cells or clear cells or parafollicular cells

28
Q

Structural and functional hormone-secreting unit of thyroid gland secreting T3 and T4

A

Principal/F cells or thyrocytes

29
Q

Compare T3 and T4

A

T4: more abundant, biologically inactive, longer half-life
T3: less abuntant, biologically active, shorter half-life

30
Q

Embryology of thyroid gland

A

1st and 2nd pharyngeal pouch

31
Q

Embryological origin of parathyroid gland

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

32
Q

Cells of the parathyroid gland that are smaller and polygonal and secrete PTH

A

Principal or chief cells of parathyroid gland

33
Q

Cells of parathyroid that have acidphillic cytoplasm without secretions or apparent function

A

Oxyphils or acidophillic cells

34
Q

Arterial supply of parathryoid gland

A

Inferior thyroid a.

35
Q

Gland characterized by corpora aranacea controlling the daily rhythm of bodily activities

A

Pineal gland

36
Q

Cells that secrete melatonin

A

Pinealocytes

37
Q

Gland containing Hassal’s corpuscles. Secretes thymosin and thymopoeitin. Originates from 3rd pair of pharyngeal pouch

A

Thymus

38
Q

Spherical or egg-shaped masses in the pancreas with polygonal or rounded cells

A

Islets of Langerhans

39
Q

4 types of cells in the pancreas and the hormones they secrete

A

Alpha: glucagon
Beta: insulin
Delta: somatostatin
F/pp: pancreatic polypeptide

40
Q

Arterial supply of pancreas

A

Body and tail: Splenic artery
Head and neck: Ant and post superior pancreaticoduodenal aa
Ant and post. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa

41
Q

Endocrine part of the kidneys which secrete renin

A

JG cells

42
Q

Dense CT surrounding testes

A

Tunica albuginea

43
Q

Cells of testes providing nourishment for spermatids; also produces anti-mullerian hormone, inhibin, ABP, MIS

A

Sertoli cells

44
Q

Cells producing testosterone; rounded or polygonal cells rich in lipid droplets

A

Leydig cells

45
Q

Cells secreting estradiol

A

Granulosa cells

46
Q

Steroid producing cells with abundant SER, mitochondria and numerous lipid droplet; produces androstenedione

A

Theca interna

47
Q

Secretes hCG

A

Syncitiotriphoblasts

48
Q

Embryological origin of anterior pituitary

A

Oral ectoderm or Rathke’s pouch

49
Q

Embryological origin of posterior pituitary

A

Neural crest cells from the floor of the diencephalon

ANATOMY (33 decks)

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