Chapter 14 The Reproductive Systems Medical Terms Flashcards
the interruption or termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable
abortion
a disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus
abruptio placentae (placental abruption)
the abnormal absence of menstrual periods for three months or more
amenorrhea
a surgical puncture to remove amniotic fluid to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenital disorders
amniocentesis
marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone, gradually beginning in the later 40s and progressing very gradually over several decades
andropause (ADAM (Androgen Decline in the Aging Male))
the absence of ovulation when it would normally be expected
anovulation
an evaluation of a newborn infant’s physical status
Apgar score
a technique in which sperm from a woman’s partner or donor are introduced into the vagina or uterus during the ovulatory phase of her menstrual cycle
artificial insemination (AI)
techniques used to aid an infertile couple in achieving a viable pregnancy
assisted reproductive technology
a condition in women in which there is an abnormal growth of certain bacteria in the vagina
bacterial vaginosis
inflammation of the glans penis
balanitis
intermittent painless uterine contractions that are not true labor pains
Braxton Hick’s contractions
mammoplasty performed to increase breast size
breast augmentation
a carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites
breast cancer
mammoplasty performed to decrease and reshape excessively large, heavy breasts
breast reduction
a self-care procedure for the early detection of breast cancer
breast self-examination
a birth complication in which the buttocks of feet of the fetus are positioned to enter the birth canal instead of the head
breech presentation
surgical removal or destruction of both testicles
castration (bilateral orchidectomy)
cancer that develops in the cervix
cervical cancer
the presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix
cervical dysplasia
inflammation of the cervix
cervicitis
the delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls
cesarean section (C-section)
a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
chlamydia
examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi between the 8th and 10th weeks of pregnancy
chorionic villus sampling
surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
circumcision
surgical fixation of the vagina to a surrounding structure
colpopexy (vaginofixation)
surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina
colporrhaphy
tearing or laceration of the vaginal walls
colporrhexis
direct visual examination of the tissue of the cervix and vagina
colposcopy
surgical removal of a cone-shaped section of tissue from the cervix
conization (cone biopsy)
a measure taken or a device used to lessen the likelihood of pregnancy
contraceptive
a developmental defect in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum
cryptorchidism (undescended testicle)
a surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrium of the uterus is scraped away
dilation and curettage (D&C)
a condition characterized by abnormal bleeding in the uterus
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period
dysmenorrhea
pain during sexual intercourse
dyspareunia
during pregnancy, a more serious form of preeclampsia characterized by convuslions and sometimes coma
eclampsia
the condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus
ectopic pregnancy (extrauterine pregnancy)
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the cervix
endocervicitis
a diagnostic test in which a small amount of the tissue lining the uterus is removed for microscopic examination
endometrial biopsy
a cancerous growth that begins in the lining of the uterus
endometrial cancer
a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
endometriosis
a diagnostic test utilizing ultrasound to image the uterus and fallopian tubes to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding
endovaginal ultrasound
inflammation of the epididymis
epididymitis
surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy
episiorrhaphy
surgical incision made into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal
episiotomy
the inability of the male to achieve or maintain a penile erection
erectile dysfunction (impotence)
the use of an electric device to record the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions during labor
fetal monitoring
a noninvasive procedure used to image and evaluate fetal development during pregnancy
fetal ultrasound
round, rubbery, firm mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast
fibroadenoma
the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts
fibrocystic breast disease
performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy and involves an ultrasound and a finger-stick blood test
first trimester screening (combined screening)
the production of breast milk in women who are not breast feeding
galactorrhea
a sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2
genital herpes
a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus
genital warts
the form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies
gestational diabetes mellitus
a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gonorrhea
the presence of blood in the seminal fluid
hematospermia
the use of the female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause
hormone replacement therapy
a bloodborne pathogen that damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail
human immunodeficiency virus
a virus that causes genital warts and cervical cancer
human papillomavirus
a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles
hydrocele
an excessive amount of menstrual flow over a period of more than seven days
hypermenorrhea (menorrhagia)
an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period
hypomenorrhea
the surgical removal of the uterus
hysterectomy
a radiographic examination of the uterus and the fallopian tubes
hysterosalpinography
the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes
hysteroscopy
a procedure in which mature ova are removed from the mother to be fertilized
in vitro fertilization
an apparatus for maintaining a controlled environment for a premature or ill newborn
incubator
a molded plastic contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus to prevent pregnancy
intrauterine device
a profuse whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina
leukorrhea
a cosmetic operation on the breasts
mammoplasty (mammaplasty)
pain in the breast
mastalgia (mastodynia)
a breast infection that is caused by bacteria that enter the breast tissue, most frequently during breastfeeding
mastitis
surgery to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position
mastopexy
excessive uterine bleeding occurring both during the menses and at other irregular intervals
menometrorrhagia (intermenstrual bleeding)
an abnormal discharge, such as mucus or pus, from the uterus
metrorrhea
the surgical removal of uterine fibroids
myomectomy
20 to 120 million or more sperm per ml of semen
normal sperm count
light or infrequent menstruation in woman with previously normal periods
oligomenorrhea
a sperm count of below 20million/mL
oligospermia (low sperm count)
the surgical removal of one or both ovaries
oophorectomy (ovariectomy)
inflammation of an ovary
oophoritis
the surgical removal of one or both testicles
orchidectomy (orchiectomy)
the repair of an undescended testicle
orchiopexy
cancer that begins within the cells of the ovaries
ovarian cancer
the rupture of an ovary
ovariorrhexis
an exfoliative biopsy of the cervix
Pap smear
any inflammatory inflammation of the female reproductive organs not associated with surgery or pregnancy
pelvic inflammatory disease
a radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to determine its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal
pelvimetry
a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection
Peyronie’s disease (penile curvature)
narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis
phimosis
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus
placenta previa
condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles
polycystic ovarian syndrome
abnormally frequent menstruation
polymenorrhea
a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria
preeclampsia (pregnancy-induced hypertension or toxemia)
a diagnostic test to is determine if a woman is pregnant. detects an unusually high amount of the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone
pregnancy test
a condition in which the male reaches climax too soon, usually before or shortly after penetration
premature ejaculation
a neonate born before the 37th week of gestation
premature infant (preemie)
a condition in which the ovaries cease to function before age 40
premature menopause
a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems linked to the menstrual cycle
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems linked to the menstrual cycle
premenstrual syndrome
a painful erection that lasts four hours or more, but is not accompanied by sexual excitement
priapism
severe itching of the external female genitalia
pruritus vulvae
an accumulation of pus in the fallopian tubes
pyosalpinx
the surgical removal of the ovaries and Fallopian tubes, the uterus and cervix, plus nearby lymph nodes
radical hysterectomy (bilateral hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy)
surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes
salpingectomy
inflammation of a fallopian tube
salpingitis
the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary
salpingo-oophorectomy
infections caused by either a bacteria or a virus transmitted through sexual intercourse or other genital contact
sexual transmitted disease (venereal disease)
any procedure rendering an individual (male or female) incapable of reproducing
sterilization
a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm
spermatocele
is the testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm
sperm count (sperm analysis)
the birth of a fetus that died before or during delivery
stillbirth
a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
syphilis
cancer that begins in the testicles
testicular cancer
a self-help step in early detect of testicular cancer by detecting lumps, swelling, or changes in the skin of the scrotum
testicular self-examination
a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle
testicular torsion
inflammation of one or both testicles
testitis (orchitis)
the removal of the uterus and cervix, either through the vagina or laparoscopically through the abdomen
total hysterectomy (complete hysterectomy)
a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite trichomonas vaginalis
trichomoniasis (trich)
a surgical procedure performed for the purpose of female sterilization
tubal ligation
a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus
uterine fibroid (myoma)
the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina
uterine prolapse (pelvic floor hernia)
a vaginal infection caused by candida albicans
vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)
inflammation of the lining of the vagina
vaginitis (colpitis)
a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum
varicocele
the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele
varicocelectomy
the male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed
vasectomy
a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male
vasovasostomy (vasectomy reversal)
an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina
vesicovaginal fistula
inflammation of the vulva
vulvitis
a painful syndrome of unknown cause characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva
vulvodynia
