Chapter 12 Skin The Integumentary System Medical Terms Flashcards
an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away
abrasion
a closed pocket containing pus caused by a bacterial infection
abscess
a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum around the hair shaft
acne vulgaris
a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin
actinic keratosis
discolorations caused by sun exposure
age spots (solar lentigines or liver spots)
a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises
albinism
the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp
alopecia (baldness)
an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well-defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body
alopecia areata
an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp
alopecia totalis (alopecia capitis totalis)
the total loss of hair on all parts of the body
alopecia universalis
the abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat
anhidrosis
a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
basal cell carcinoma
the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination or establish a diagnosis
biopsy
surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids
blepharoplasty (lid lift)
a formulation of botulinum toxin that is administered by injection to temporarily improve the appearance of frown lines between the eyebrows
botox
a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter
bulla
an injury to body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation
burn
a burn in which there are no blisters and only superficial damage to the epidermis
burn, first degree
a burn in which there are blisters and damage to the epidermis and the dermis
burn, second degree
a burn in which there is damage to the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layers, and possibly also the muscle below
burn, third degree
a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing
callus
a soft, raised, pink, or red vascular birthmark
capillary hemangioma (strawberry birthmark)
a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
carbuncle
the destruction of tissue by burning
cauterization
an acute, rapid spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissue of the skin
cellulitis
the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin
chemabrasion (chemical peel)
a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots of the face
chloasma (melasma or mask of pregnancy)
abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips
clubbing
a form of soft-tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines or scars, or to make lips appear fuller
collagen replacement therapy
a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle
comedo
a localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant or allergen
contact dermatitis
an injury to underlying tissue without breaking the skin, characterized by discoloration and pain
contusion
a collection of dried serum and cellular debris
crust (scab)
the destruction or elimination or abnormal tissue cells through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen
cryosurgery
the removal of material from the surface by scraping
curettage
an abnormal sac containing fluid, gas, or a semisolid material
cyst
the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing
debridement
a form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper
dermabrasion
inflammation of the skin
dermatitis
the replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient’s body
dermatoplasty (skin graft)
a general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation
dermatosis
atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer
dysplastic nevi
a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin
ecchymosis (bruise)
a form of recurring dermatitis characterized by itching, redness, and dryness
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
a surgical technique in which tissue is destroyed using an electric spark
electrodessication
the use of electric current to destroy hair follicles for the removal of undesired hair
electrolysis
the wearing away of a surface
erosion
redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
erythema
abnormal redness of the entire skin surface
erythroderma
a widespread rash, usually in children
exanthem
a biopsy technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
exfoliative cytology
a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin
exfoliative dermatitis
fluid, such as pus, that leads out of an infected wound
exudate
a condition in which the hair thins in the front and on the sides of the scalp and sometimes the crown
female pattern baldness
a groove or crack-like sore of the skin; also normal folds in the contours of the brain
fissure
inflammation of the hair follicles
folliculitis
large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphyloccocal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands (boil)
furuncles (boils)
tissue death caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues
gangrene
the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound that will become scar tissue
granulation tissue
a general term used to describe a small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis
granuloma
a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues
hematoma
excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern
hirsutism
a condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body
hyperhidrosis
a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin
ichthyosis
a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolate pustules that become crusted and rupture
impetigo
a cut made with a surgical instrument
incision
the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue
infestation
the administration of medication by injection into the middle layers of the skin
intradermal injection
a procedure using pressurized fluid to clean out wound debris
irrigation and debridement
an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision
keloid
any skin growth, such as a wart or callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
keratosis
a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like a bowl of a spoon
koilonychia (spoon nail)
a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut
laceration
an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, used to treat skin conditions and other disorders of the body
laser
a pathologic change of tissues due to disease or injury
lesion
the surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin
lipectomy
a chronic abnormal condition characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs
lipedema (painful fat syndrome)
a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer
lipoma
the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction
liposuction (suction-assisted lipectomy)
a discolored, flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter
macule (macula)
a common hair-loss pattern in men
male pattern baldness
a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes
malignant melanoma (melanoma)
a technique used to treat various types of skin cancer by removing layers of cancerous tissue until a healthy margin is achieved
Mohs surgery
any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
mycosis
a severe infection caused by group a strep bacteria
necrotizing fasciitis
a small, dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin
nevus (mole)
a solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm in diameter and deep than a papule
nodule
inflammation of the matrix of the nail
onychia (onychitis)
ingrown toenail
onychocryptosis
a fungal infection of the nail
onychomycosis
nail biting or nail eating
onychophagia
a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder
papilloma
a small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter
papule
an infection of the skin fold around a nail
paronychia
an infestation with lice
pediculosis (lice)
very small pinpoint hemorrhages less than 2 mm in diameter
petechiae
a technique used to treat damage and precancerous skin, as well as various types of cancer
photodynamic therapy
irregularities in skin color, such as moles
pigmented birthmarks
a fatty deposit within the blood vessels; also a soft buildup of bacterial debris on the exterior of the teeth; also a scaly, solid, raised area of closely spaced papules on the skin
plaque
mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
polyp
a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries
port-wine stain
an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin
pressure sore (decubitus ulcer or bedsore)
a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks
psoriasis
a deep hole made by a sharp object such as a nail
puncture wound
the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin
purpura
producing or containing pus
purulent
a small, circumscribed lesion containing pus
pustule (pimple)
any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
pyoderma
a class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A that are used in skin care and treatment
retinoids
hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose
rhinophyma (bulbous nose)
the surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles
rhytidectomy (face lift)
a chronic condition of unknown cause that produces tiny red pimples, and broken blood vessels
rosacea (adult acne)
a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites
scabies (itch mite)
flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells
scales
an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen
scleroderma
treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosing solution into the vein
sclerotherapy
a closed sac associated with a sebaceous gland that is found just under the skin
sebaceous cyst
overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum
seborrhea
inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp
seborrheic dermatitis
a benign skin growth that has a waxy or “pasted-on” look
seborrheic keratosis
a harmful, malignant growth on the skin, which can have many causes, including repeated severe sunburns or long-term exposure to the sun
skin cancer
benign small flesh-colored or light-brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks
skin tags
the occurrence of hyperhidrosis during sleep
sleep hyperhidrosis (night sweats)
a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body parts
squamous cell carcinoma
blocks the harmful ultraviolet B rays, measured in terms of strength of the sun protection factor (SPF)
sunscreen
an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk that also attacks connective tissue in other body systems
systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)
a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails
tinea (ringworm)
liquid or ointment rubbed into the skin on the area to be treated
topical application
steroids used in treatment of various skin disorders and diseases
topical steroids
the administration of medication through the unbroken skin so that it is absorbed continuously to produce a systemic effect
transdermal
superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands such as the armpits
trichomycosis axillaris
an open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges
ulcer
itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction
urticaria (hives)
birthmarks caused by blood vessels close to the skin’s surface
vascular birthmark
small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus
verrucae (warts)
a small blister, less than 0.5 cm in diameter, containing watery fluid
vesicle
a skin condition resulting from the destructive melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin
vitiligo
a small bump that itches
wheal (welt)
excessively dry skin
xeroderma (xerosis)
