Chapter 9 The Urinary System Medical Terms Flashcards
the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function
ablation
sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood to filter
acute renal failure
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
anuria
abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50
benign prostatic hyperplasia (benign prostatic hypertrophy or enlarged prostate)
behavioral training in which the patient learns to urinate on a schedule with increasingly longer time intervals between scheduled urination
bladder retraining
the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination
bladder ultrasound
the progressive loss of renal function over months or years
chronic kidney disease (chronic renal disease or kidney failure)
an imaging technique that uses a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body
computed tomography
pain in the urinary bladder
cystalgia (cystodynia)
the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
cystectomy
inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
cystocele (prolapsed bladder)
a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter
cystography
a stone located within the urinary bladder
cystolith
the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
cystopexy
surgical suturing of a wound or defect in the bladder
cystorrhaphy
the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
cystoscopy
a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function
dialysis
a diagnostic technique that combines angiography with computerized components to clarify the view of the area of interest by removing soft tissue and bone from the image
digital subtraction angiography
the increased output of urine
diuresis
medication administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess salt and water
diuretics
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body
edema
the final stage of chronic kidney disease
end-stage renal disease
the involuntary discharge of urine
enuresis
a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening, in the male this opening is located on the upper surface of the penis; in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris
epispadias
the destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
the most common type of indwelling catheter
foley catheter
a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli
glomerulonephritis
a process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s own blood
hemodialysis
the dilation of one or both kidneys
hydronephrosis
the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked
hydroureter
the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
hypoproteinuria
the congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. in the male the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis; in the female the urethra opens into the vagina
hypospadias
use of a small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen
ileal conduit (ileostomy)
a catheter that remains inside the body for a prolonged time based on need
indwelling catheter
the inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces
incontinence
a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
interstitial cystitis
a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters
intravenous pyelogram (excretory urography)
a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor
Kegel exercises
a radiographic study without the use of a contrast medium, used to detect bowel obstructions and nephroliths
KUB (flat-plate of the abdomen)
a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder
lithotomy
bladder replacement using part of the small intestine
neobladder
inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
nephritis
a stone located in the kidney
nephrolith (kidney stone or renal calculus)
the presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrolysis
any disease of the kidney
nephropathy
the surgical fixation of nephroptosis
nephropexy (nephrorrhaphy)
the prolapse of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands
nephroptosis (floating kidney)
suppuration of the kidney
nephropyosis (pyonephrosis)
the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body
nephrostomy
a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine
nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
neurogenic bladder
frequent and excessive urination during the night
nocturia
urinary incontinence during sleep
nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting)
scanty urination
oliguria
a condition that occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not full
overactive bladder (urge incontinence)
continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely
overflow incontinence
surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavities acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
peritoneal dialysis
a genetic disorder characterized by growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidney
polycystic kidney disease
excessive urination
polyuria
cancer beginning in the prostate
prostate cancer
a diagnostic blood test that is used to screen for prostate cancer
prostate-specific antigen
a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostatism
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney
pyelonephritis
the surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis
pyeloplasty
a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
pyelotomy
the treatment of cancers through the use of x-rays
radiation therapy
acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during passage of a kidney stone
renal colic
the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their function
renal failure (kidney failure)
the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient’s failed kidneys
renal transplantation (kidney transplant)
when an orgasm results in semen flowing backward into the bladder instead of out through the penis
retrograde ejaculation
a radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract
retrograde urography
an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body
stone
the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
stress incontinence
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
suprapubic catheterization
the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope
transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)
a toxic condition in which urea and other waste products normally excreted in the urine are retained in the blood
uremia (uremic poisoning)
the distention of a ureter
ureterectasis
the surgical removal of a ureter
ureterectomy
a stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterolith
the surgical repair of a ureter
ureteroplasty
the discharge of blood from the ureter
ureterorrhagia
surgical suturing of a ureter
ureterorrhaphy
a treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter
ureteroscopy
the insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the bladder
urethral catheterization
inflammation of the urethra
urethritis
surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue
urethropexy
bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
abnormal discharge from the urethra
urethrorrhea
abnormal narrowing of the urethra
urethrostenosis
a surgical incision into the urethra
urethrotomy
the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urinalysis
the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to obtain a sterile specimen or drain urine
urinary catheterization (cathing)
difficulty in starting a urinary stream
urinary hesitancy
the inability to control the voiding of urine
urinary incontinence
the inability to completely empty the bladder when attempting to urinate
urinary retention (ischuria)
an infection involving the structures of the urinary system that usually begins in the bladder
urinary tract infection
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
voiding cystourethrography
a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children
Wilms tumor
