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► Med Terminology > Chapter 5 The Cardiovascular System Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 5 The Cardiovascular System Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

medications administered to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme)

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2
Q

a disorder characterized by lower than normal level of red blood cells in the blood

A

anemia

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3
Q

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

A

aneurysm

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4
Q

the surgical removal of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmectomy

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5
Q

surgical suturing of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmorrhaphy (aneurysmoplasty)

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6
Q

episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

A

angina (angina pectoris)

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7
Q

the film produced by angiography

A

angiogram

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8
Q

a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium

A

angiography

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9
Q

mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

A

angioplasty

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10
Q

abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

A

angiostenosis

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11
Q

medication administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat

A

antiarrhythmic

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12
Q

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

A

anticoagulant

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13
Q

medication administered to lower blood pressure

A

antihypertensive

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14
Q

a condition marked by the absence of all formed blood elements

A

aplastic anemia

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15
Q

a loss of the normal rhythm of the heart beat

A

arrhythmia

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16
Q

surgical removal of part of an artery

A

arteriectomy

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17
Q

abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries

A

arteriostenosis

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18
Q

abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

A

arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)

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19
Q

electronic device used primarily as treatment for bradycardia or atrial fibrillation

A

artificial pacemaker

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20
Q

medication that may be recommended in a very small daily dose to reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke by slightly reducing the ability of the blood to clot

A

aspirin

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21
Q

complete lack of electrical activity in the heart

A

asystole (flat line)

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22
Q

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery

A

atherectomy

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23
Q

a deposit of fatty plaque on or within the arterial wall

A

atheroma

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24
Q

hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buidup of cholesterol plaque

A

atherosclerosis

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25
Q

rapid irregular twitching of the muscular wall of the atria

A

atrial fibrillation (A-fib)

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26
Q

electronic equipment that externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm

A

automated external defibrillator

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27
Q

inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by bacteria in the bloodstream

A

bacterial endocarditis

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28
Q

medications administered to reduce the workload of the heart by slowing the heartbeat

A

beta-blockers

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29
Q

any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

A

blood dyscrasia

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30
Q

an abnormally slow resting heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute

A

bradycardia

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31
Q

medications that cause the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells of these structures

A

calcium channel blocker agents

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32
Q

an event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood

A

cardiac arrest

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33
Q

a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and guided into the heart

A

cardiac catheterization

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34
Q

the puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy

A

cardiocentesis

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35
Q

abnormal enlargement of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

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36
Q

all diseases of the heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

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37
Q

an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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38
Q

an inflammation of the heart

A

carditis

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39
Q

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery

A

carotid endarterectomy

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40
Q

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery that is performed to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke

A

carotid ultrasonography

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41
Q

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

A

cholesterol

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42
Q

medications, such as statins, that are administered to reduce the undesirable cholesterol levels in the blood

A

cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins)

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43
Q

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves

A

chronic venous insufficiency (venous insufficiency)

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44
Q

structure abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

A

congenital heart defects

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45
Q

a surgical procedure in which a piece of vein from the leg is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery

A

coronary artery bypass graft (bypass surgery)

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46
Q

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle

A

coronary artery disease

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47
Q

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

A

coronary thrombosis

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48
Q

the brand name for warfarin, an anticoagulant administered to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger

A

coumadin (warfarin)

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49
Q

the condition of having a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein

A

deep vein thrombosis (deep venous thrombosis)

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50
Q

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

A

defibrillation (cardioversion)

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51
Q

a diagnostic technique that combines angiography with computerized components to clarify the view of the area of interest by removing soft tissue and bone from the image

A

digital subtraction angiography

52
Q

medication that strengthens the heart muscle contractions, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues

A

digitalis (digoxin)

53
Q

medication administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess salt and water

A

diuretics

54
Q

a diagnostic procedure to image the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels

A

duplex ultrasound

55
Q

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

A

electrocardiogram

56
Q

the noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of the myocardium

A

electrocardiography

57
Q

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

A

embolism

58
Q

a foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood

A

embolus

59
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

A

endocarditis

60
Q

a rapid and uncontrolled heart beat

A

fibrillation

61
Q

a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all the blood it receives

A

heart failure (congestive heart failure (CHF) )

62
Q

an abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or neighboring large blood vessels

A

heart murmur

63
Q

a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels

A

hemangioma

64
Q

a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron

A

hemochromatosis (iron overload disease)

65
Q

condition characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to their premature destruction by the spleen

A

hemolytic anemia

66
Q

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

A

hemorrhage

67
Q

to stop or control bleeding

A

hemostasis

68
Q

the form of cholesterol that does not contribute to plaque buildup

A

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

69
Q

a portable electrocardiograph worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24- or 48- hour period

A

Holter monitor

70
Q

the general term used to describe elevated levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood

A

hyperlipidemia

71
Q

a deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part

A

hypoperfusion

72
Q

lower than normal arterial blood pressure

A

hypotension

73
Q

a decrease in the red cells of the blood that is caused by too little iron

A

iron-deficiency anemia

74
Q

a condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissue due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body

A

ischemia

75
Q

a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

A

ischemic heart disease

76
Q

removing plaque deposit in an artery using beams of light from a laser on the end of a catheter

A

laser angioplasty

77
Q

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in circulating blood

A

leukemia

78
Q

a decrease in the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood

A

leukopenia (low white blood cell count)

79
Q

the form of cholesterol that contributes to plaque buildup in the arteries

A

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

80
Q

a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal

A

megaloblastic anemia

81
Q

a bypass procedure performed with the aid of a fiberoptic camera through small openings between the ribs

A

minimally invasive coronary artery bypass (keyhole bypass or buttonhole bypass)

82
Q

a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells

A

myelodysplastic syndrome

83
Q

the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

A

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

84
Q

inflammation of the myocardium

A

myocarditis

85
Q

a vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina

A

nitroglycerin

86
Q

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing

A

orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

87
Q

a pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm

A

palpitation

88
Q

an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atria or AV node

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)

89
Q

a treatment procedure to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (balloon angioplasty)

90
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

pericarditis

91
Q

an example of a peripheral vascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. impaired circulation to the extremities and vital organs causes changes in the skin color and temperature, plus intermittent claudication

A

peripheral arterial occlusive disease (peripheral artery disease)

92
Q

disorder of blood vessels outside the heart and brain

A

peripheral vascular disease

93
Q

anemia caused by a lack of protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract

A

pernicious anemia

94
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis (thrombophlebitis)

95
Q

a radiographic test that provides an image of veins after contrast dye is injected

A

phlebography (venography)

96
Q

a fatty deposit within the blood vessels; also a soft buildup of bacterial debris on the exterior of the teeth; also a scaly, solid, raised area of closely spaced papules on the skin

A

plaque

97
Q

the removal of whole blood from the body, separation of its cellular elements, and reinfusion of these cellular elements suspended in saline or a plasma substitute

A

plasmapheresis (plasma exchange)

98
Q

a form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time

A

polyarteritis

99
Q

an abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by bone marrow

A

polycythemia

100
Q

a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

A

Raynaud’s disease

101
Q

the condition when an artery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again

A

restenosis

102
Q

caused by the presence of bacteria in the blood, symptoms include fever, tachypnea, and tachycardia

A

septicemia

103
Q

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in red blood cells that assume an abnormal sickle shape

A

sickle cell anemia

104
Q

a wire-mesh tube that is implanted in a coronary artery to provide support to the arterial wall

A

stent

105
Q

the use of electrocardiography to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after stress such as exercise on a treadmill

A

stress test

106
Q

an abnormally rapid resting heartbeat usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute

A

tachycardia

107
Q

a form of vasculitis with abnormally large cells, that can cause headache, visual impairment, or other symptoms

A

temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

108
Q

an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells that normal

A

thalassemia (Cooley’s anemia)

109
Q

performed to evaluate blood flow to the heart during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the blood

A

thallium stress test

110
Q

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

A

thrombocytopenia

111
Q

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood

A

thrombocytosis

112
Q

medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up

A

thrombolytic (clot-busting drug)

113
Q

the abnormal condition of having a thrombus

A

thrombosis

114
Q

the blocking of an artery by a thrombus

A

thrombotic occlusion

115
Q

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

A

thrombus

116
Q

a thrombolytic administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke to dissolve damaging blood clots

A

tissue plasminogen activator

117
Q

a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

A

transfusion reaction

118
Q

the surgical repair of a heart valve

A

valvoplasty (valvuloplasty)

119
Q

the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

A

valvular prolapse

120
Q

a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart

A

valvular stenosis

121
Q

an inflammation of a heart valve

A

valvulitis

122
Q

abnormally swollen veins usually occuring in the superficial veins of the legs

A

varicose veins

123
Q

inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel

A

vasculitis

124
Q

medication that causes blood vessels to narrow

A

vasoconstrictor

125
Q

medication that causes blood vessels to expand

A

vasodilator

126
Q

rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles

A

ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)

127
Q

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles

A

ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)

► Med Terminology (65 decks)

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