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A Level Chemistry Units 5+6: > 5.1.1 and 5.1.2: Period 3 elements and oxides > Flashcards

5.1.1 and 5.1.2: Period 3 elements and oxides Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is period 3

A

third row in periodic table

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2
Q

Elements in period 3
(don’t need to know 100% but good to know ish)
8

A 
sodium
magnesium
aluminium
silicon
phosphorus
sulphur
chlorine
argon
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3
Q

Which more reactive and why

sodium vs magnesium

A

Sodium is more reactive because it takes less energy to lose one electron than two, so more energy is needed for Mg to react. (as Na is in group 1, Mg is in group 2)

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4
Q

Reaction of sodium with cold water

A

vigorous reaction, forms a molten ball on the surface of the water, fizzes and produces H2 gas

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5
Q

Reaction of sodium with cold water

equation

A

2Na + 2H2O > 2NaOH + H2

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6
Q

pH of solution formed from reaction of sodium with cold water

A

pH 12-14

NaOH produced - strongly alkaline

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7
Q

Reaction of magnesium with cold water

equation

A

Mg + 2H2O > Mg(OH)2 + H2

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8
Q

Reaction of magnesium with cold water

A

Reacts very slowly

no visible reaction

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9
Q

pH of solution formed from reaction of magnesium with cold water
and why

A

weakly alkaline solution
pH 9-10
because magnesium hydroxide is not very soluble in water

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10
Q

Reaction of magnesium with steam

A

much faster reaction than with cold water

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11
Q

Reaction of magnesium with steam

equation

A

Mg + H2O > MgO + H2

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12
Q

Overall word equation for reactions of period 3 elements to form oxides

A

element + oxygen > oxide

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13
Q

Which oxidation state are elements usually oxidised to when they react with oxygen
Exception to this?

A

Highest oxidation state (same as their group numbers)

Exception: sulphur, +6 oxidation state but forms SO2 in which its oxidation state is +4

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14
Q

Equations for oxidation of sodium, magnesium and aluminium

A

2Na + 0.5O2 > Na2O
Mg + 0.5O2 > MgO
2Al + 1.5O2 > Al2O3

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15
Q

Equations for oxidation of silicon, phosphorus and sulphur

A

Si + O2 > SiO2
P4 + 5O2 > P4O10
S + O2 > SO2

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16
Q

Reaction speeds of oxides of sodium and magnesium in air

and flame colour

A

Na2O: vigorous, yellow flame
MgO: vigorous, brilliant white flame

17
Q

Reaction speeds of oxides of aluminium and silicon in air

and flame colour

A

Al2O3 and SiO2: slow, no flame colour

18
Q

Reaction speeds of oxides of phosphorus and sulphur in air

and flame colour

A

P4O10: spontaneously combusts, brilliant white flame
SO2: burns steadily, blue flame

19
Q

Trend in melting points across period 3

A

increase, from Na2O to MgO

decrease from MgO to SO3

20
Q

Crystal structures of period 3 oxides?

A

Na2O, MgO, Al2O3: giant ionic lattices
SiO2: giant covalent
P4O10, SO2: simple covalent

21
Q

Equation for reaction of sodium oxide with water

and pH of solution formed

A

Na2O + H2O > 2NaOH

pH: 12-14

22
Q

Equation for reaction of magnesium oxide with water

and pH of solution formed

A

MgO + H2O > Mg(OH)2

pH: 9-10

23
Q

Equation for reaction of phosphorus oxide with water

and acid formed

A

p4O10 + 6H2O > 4H3PO4

phosphoric (V) acid

24
Q

Equation for reaction of sulphur dioxide with water

and acid formed

A

SO2 + H2O > H2SO3

sulphuric (IV) acid

25
Q

Equation for reaction of sulphur trioxide with water

and acid formed

A

SO3 + H2O > H2SO4

sulphuric (VI) acid

26
Q

Reactions of Al2O3 and SiO2 with water

A

no reactions!!

both insoluble in water

27
Q

Why don’t Al2O3 and SiO2 react with water

A

SiO2: giant covalent so insoluble in water
Al2O3: partially ionic and partially covalent so insoluble in water

28
Q

Amphoteric

A

Will react with an acid or a base

29
Q

Acid neutralisation reaction

A

acid and base = salt and water

30
Q

Which period 3 oxides react with acids
(to neutralise them)
why?

A

sodium and magnesium oxides

because they’re basic

31
Q

Which period 3 oxides react with bases
(to neutralise them)
why?

A

silicon, phosphorus and sulphur oxides

because they’re acidic

32
Q

Which period 3 oxide will react with acids or bases
(to neutralise them)
why?

A

Aluminium oxide

because its amphoteric

A Level Chemistry Units 5+6: (28 decks)

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