5 Vocab - biomechanics/terminology Flashcards
Superior location
Positioned above a point of reference
Biomechanics definition
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces
Inferior location
Positioned below a point of reference
Proximal location
Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference
Distal location
Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference
Anterior (or ventral) location
On the front of the body
Posterior (or dorsal) location
On the back of the body
Medial location
Near the middle of the body
Lateral location
Toward the outside of the body
Contralateral location
On the opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral location
On the same side of the body
Anatomic position
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the Palm forward.
The position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.
The 3 planes of motion apply when in this position
Sagittal plane
An imaginary bisect or that divides the body into left and right halves
Motion: flexion, extension, hyperextension
Sagittal plane motions
Flexion
Bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases
Extension
Straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases
Hyperextension
Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion
Frontal plane
Imaginary bisect or that divides the body into front and back halves
Motions:
Abduction, adduction
Frontal plane motion
Abduction:
Movement away from the midline of the body
Addiction:
Movement back toward the midline of the body
Transverse plane
Imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and not town halves
Motion: internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal location, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction
Transverse plane motions
Internal/external rotation:
Rotation of a joint toward or away from the middle of the body
Horizontal abduction/addiction:
Movement if arm or thigh in the transverse plane from anterior to lateral or lateral to anterior position
Scapular retraction
Adduction of scapular; shoulder blades move toward the midline
Scapular protraction
Abduction of scapular; shoulder blades move away from the midline
Scapular depression
Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula
Scapular elevation
Upward (superior) motion of the scapula
Eccentric muscle action
Eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening
Concentric muscle action
Muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle
Isometric muscle action
Muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length
Isokinetic muscle action
Muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion
Force
Influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object
Length tension relationship
Resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length
Force couple
Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
