4th Edition Spanish Ch. 5 Flashcards
Estar with conditions and emotions.
Estar with conditions and emotions
In Spanish, the verb estar is used to talk about how people feel and to say where people, places, and things are located.
True
Estoy bien, gracias.
I’m fine, thanks.
Juan ésta en la biblioteca.
Juan is at the library.
Estar is used with adjectives to describe the physical conditions of nouns.
True
La puerta está cerrada.
The door is closed.
Todo está muy limpio.
Everything is clean.
Use estar with adjectives to describe how people feel.
True
Abierto/a
Open
Aburrido/a
Bored
Alegre
Happy
Amable
Friendly
Avergonzado/a
Embarrassed
Cansado/a
Tired
Cerrado/a
Closed
Cómodo/a
Comfortable
Contento/a
Happy, content
Desordenado/a
Disorderly
Enamorado/a
In love (with)
Enojado/a
Mad, angry
Equivocado/a
Wrong
Feliz
Happy
Limpio/a
Clean
Nervioso/a
Nervous
Ocupado/a
Busy
Ordenado/a
Orderly
Preocupado/a (por)
Worried (about)
Seguro/a
Sure; safe; confident
Sucio/a
Dirty
Triste
Sad
Plural of feliz is felices.
True
The present progressive
The present progressive
Both Spanish and English use the present progressive, whic consists of the present tense of the verb to be and the present participle. (The -ing form in English).
True
Los chicos están jugando.
The kids are playing.
Estoy haciendo las maletas.
I am packing.
Los turistas están acampando.
The tourists are camping.
¿Estás mirando la televisión?
Are you watching TV?
Están cantando.
They are singing.
Estamos esperando.
We are waiting.
Estoy comiendo.
I am eating.
Ella está trabajando.
She is working.
Hablar
Hablando
Comer
Comiendo
Escribir
Escribiendo
When the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in a vowel, the present participle ends in -yendo.
True
Leer
Leyendo
Oír
Oyendo
Traer
Trayendo
The verbs ir, poder, and venir have irregular present participles (yendo, pudiendo, viniendo). Several other verbs have irregular present participles.
True
Preferir
Prefiriendo
Sentir-to feel sorry, to regret
Sintiendo
Conseguir- to get
Consiguiendo
Pedir- to ask
Pidiendo
Seguir- to follow, to pursue, to continue
Siguiendo
Dormir- to sleep
Durmiendo
The present progressive is used less in Spanish than in English. In Spanish, the present progressive emphasizes that an action is in progress.
True
Ella todavía está escuchando música.
She is still listening to music.
Javier está estudiando ahora mismo.
Javier is studying right now.
In English, the present progressive is used with actions that occur over time or in the future. In Spanish, the simple present tense is used.
True
Tomo inglés este semestre.
I’m taking English this semester.
Salgo hoy a las tres.
I’m leaving today at three.
Comparing ser and estar
Comparing ser and estar
Ser and estar both mean to be, but are used for different purposes.
True
With many adjectives, both ser and estar can be used, but the meaning changes. Statements with ser describe inherent qualities. Estar describes temporary and changeable conditions.
True
Juan es nervioso
Juan is a nervous person
Juan está nervioso hoy.
Juan is nervous today.
Ana es elegante
Ana is an elegant person.
Ana está elegante hoy.
Ana looks elegant today.
The meaning of some adjectives changes completely depending on whether they are used with ser or estar.
True
El chico es listo
The boy is smart.
La profesora es mala
The professor is bad
Jaime es aburrido
Jaime is boring
Las peras son verdes
The pears are green
El gato es muy vivo.
My cat is very clever.
Él es seguro
He’s confident
El chico está listo.
The boy is ready
La profesora está mala.
The professor is sick.
Jaime está aburrido
Jaime is bored
Las peras están verdes
The pears are not ripe.
El gato está vivo.
The cat is alive
Él no está seguro.
He’s not sure.
Ser seguro means to be safe.
True
El ascensor es seguro
The elevator is safe.
Direct object nouns and pronouns
Direct object nouns and pronouns
A direct object noun receives the action of the verb directly and generally follows the verb.
True
Jimena está leyendo un libro.
Jimena is reading a book.
When a direct object noun is a person or a pet, it is preceded by the word a. This is called the “personal a” and it has no English equivalent.
True
Marta busca a su perro Lucas.
Marta is looking for her dog, Lucas.
Escucho al profesor.
I am listening to the professor.
Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns. English, Spanish, sometimes uses a direct object pronoun to avoid repetition.
True
Maribel hace las maletas- Maribel las hace
Maribel packs the suitcases- Maribel packs them
Felipe compra el pasaje- Felipe lo compra
Felipe buys the ticket- Felipe buys it
Vicky tiene la llave- Vicky la tiene
Vicky has the key- Vicky has it
Me
Me
Te
You (fam.)
Lo
You (m., form,); him; it (m.)
La
You (f., form); her; it (f.)
Nos
Us
Os
You (fam.)
Los
You (m.); them (m.)
Las
You (f.); them (f.)
It is common to use the direct object pronoun when the direct object noun has been mentioned before.
True
¿Quieres a tu madre?
Do you know your mother?
Si, la quiero mucho.
Yes, I love her very much.
In affirmative sentences and affirmative questions, direct object pronouns generally appear before the conjugated verb. In negative sentences and negative questions, the pronoun is placed between the word no and the verb.
True
Armando me escucha- Armando no me escucha
Armando listens to me- Armando doesn’t listen to me.
Katia las tiene - Katia no las tiene
Katia has them- Katia doesn’t have them.
¿Lo quieres? - ¿No lo quieres?
You want them? - You don’t want them?
In the present progressive and in infinitive constructions, such as conjugated form, or attached to the present participle or infinitive.
True
When a pronoun is attached to the present participle, an accent mark is added to maintain the proper stress: Laura está escribiéndolas. José está escuchándota.
True
El aeropuerto
Airport
La agencia de viajes
Travel agency
El/la agente de viajes
Travel agent
La cabaña
Cabin
El campo
Country side
La estación de autobuses
Bus station
La estación del tren
Train station
El/la inspector(a) de aduanas
Customs inspector
La llegada
Arrival
El mar
Ocean
El pasaje (de ida y vuelta)
(Round-trip) ticket
El pasaporte
Passport
La salida
Departure; exit
La tienda de campaña
Tent
El/la viajero/a
Traveler
Acampar
To camp
Confirmar una reservación
To confirm a reservation
Estar de vacaciones
To be on vacation
Hacer las maletas
To pack (one’s suitcase)
Hacer turismo
To go sightseeing
Hacer un viaje
To take a trip
Hacer una excursion
To go on a hike; to go on a tour.
Ir a la playa
To go to the beach
Ir de pesca
To go fishing
Ir de vacaciones
To go on vacation
Ir en autobús (m.)
To go by bus
Ir en auto(móvil) (m.)
To go by car
Ir en avión (m.)
To go by plane
Ir en barco
To go by boat
Ir en motocicleta
To go by motorcycle
Ir en taxi (m.)
To go by taxi
Pasar por la aduana
To go through customs.
Pescar
To fish
Sacar fotos (f. pl.)
To take pictures
El alojamiento
Lodging
El ascensor
Elevator
El/la botones
Bellhop
La cama
Bed
El/la empleado/a
Employee
El equipaje
Luggage
La habitación doble
Double room
El hotel
Hotel
El/la huésped
Guest
La llave
Key
La pensión
Boarding house
El piso
Floor (of a building)
La planta baja
Ground floor
Abierto/a
Open
Aburrido/a
Bored; boring
Alegre
Happy
Amable
Friendly
Avergonzado/a
Embarrassed
Cansado/a
Tired
Cerrado/a
Closed
Cómodo/a
Comfortable
Contento/a
Happy; content
Desordenado/a
Disorderly
Enamorado/a (de)
In love (with)
Enojado/a
Mad; angry
Equivocado/a
Wrong
Feliz
Happy
Limpio/a
Clean
Listo/a
Ready; smart
Malo/a
Bad; sick
Nervioso/a
Nervous
Ocupado/a
Busy
Ordenado/a
Orderly
Preocupado/a (por)
Worried (about)
Seguro/a
Sure; safe; confident
Sucio/a
Dirty
Triste
Sad
Verde
Green; not ripe
Vivo/a
Clever; alive
¿Qué tiempo hace? Estâ despejado.
How’s the weather? It’s clear.
Está (muy) nublado
It’s (very) cloudy
Hace buen/mal tiempo
The weather is nice/bad
Hace (mucho) calor
It’s (very) hot
Hace fresco
It’s cool
Hace (mucho) frío
It’s (very) cold
Hace (mucho) sol
It’s (very) sunny
Hace (mucho) viento
It’s (very) windy
Hay (mucha) niebla
It’s (very) foggy
Llover (o:ue)
To rain
Llueve
It’s raining
Nevar (e:ie)
To snow
Nieva
It’s snowing
Ahora mismo
Right now
Todavía
Yet; still
¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?
What’s today’s date?
Hoy es el primero (dos tres,…) de marzo
Today is March first (second, third,…)
