4th Edition Spanish Ch. 2 Flashcards
¿Cuántas clases tomas?
How many classes are you taking?
Tomo cuatro clases.
I’m taking four classes
Mi especialización es en arqueología.
My major is archeology.
Este año, espero sacar buenas notas y, por supuesto, viajar por el país.
This year, I hope / I’m hoping to get good grades. And, of course, travel through the country.
Me gusta mucho la cultura mexicana.
I like Mexican culture a lot.
Me gustan las ciencias ambientales.
I like environmental science.
Me gusta dibujar.
I like to draw.
¿Te gusta este lugar?
Do you like this place?
Dos boletos, por favor.
Two tickets, please.
Dos boletos son sesenta y cuatro pesos.
Two tickets are sixty-four pesos.
Aquí están cien pesos.
Here’s a hundred pesos.
Son treinta y seís pesos de cambío.
That’s thirty-six pesos change.
¿Dónde está tu diccionario?
Where is your dictionary?
Está en casa de los Díaz.
It’s at the Diaz’s house.
Y ahora, ¿adónde? ¿A la biblioteca?
And now, where to? To the library?
Si, pero primero a la librería. Está al lado.
Yes, but first to the bookstore. It’s next door.
¿Qué estudias?
What do you study?
¿¿Cuál es tu matería favorita?
What is your favorite subject?
Carrera (de medicina)
(Medical) degree program, major
Derecho
Law
The present tense of regular -ar verbs.
The present tense of regular -ar verbs.
To create the forms of regular verbs, drop the infinitive endings (-ar, -er, -ir). Then add the endings that correspond to the different subject pronouns. The chart below shows how to conjugate regular -ar verbs.
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Yo estudio
I study
Tú estudías
You (fam.) study
Ud./él/ella estudía
You (form.) study; he/she studies
Nosotros/as estudíamos
We study
Vosotros/as estudías
You (pl.) study
Uds./ellos/ellas estudían
You (pl.) study; they study
Bailar
To dance
Buscar
To look for
Caminar
To walk
Cantar
To sing
Comprar
To buy
Contestar
To answer
Conversar
To talk
Descansar
To rest
Desear
To want; to wish
Dibujar
To draw
Enseñar
To teach
Escuchar
To listen
Esperar
To wait (for); to hope
Estudiar
To study
Explicar
To explain
Hablar
To talk; to speak
Llegar
To arrive
Llevar
To carry
Mirar
To look (at); to watch
Necesitar
To need
Practicar
To practice
Preguntar
To ask (a question)
Preparar
To prepare
Regresar
To return
Terminar
To end; to finish
Tomar
To take; to drink
Trabajar
To work
Viajar
To travel
The Spanish present tense has several meanings in English.
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Ana trabaja en la cafetería.
Ana works in the cafeteria. And is working in the cafeteria. Ana does work in the cafeteria.
Paco viaja a Madrid mañana.
Paco travels to Madrid tomorrow. Paco is traveling to Madrid tomorrow. Paco does travel to Madrid tomorrow.
When two verbs are used together with no change of subject, the second verb is generally in the infinitive.
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Deseo hablar con Felipe.
I want to speak with Felipe.
Necesito comprar lápices.
I need to buy pencils.
To make a sentence negative, use no before the conjugated verb.
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Yo no miro la televisión.
I don’t watch television.
Ella no desea bailar.
She doesn’t want to dance.
Subject pronouns are often omitted; the verb endings indicate who the subject is. They may, however, be used for clarification or for emphasis.
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¿Qué enseñan?
What do they teach?
Él enseña arte y ella enseña química.
He teaches art and she teaches chemistry.
¿Quién desea trabajar hoy?
Who wants to work today?
Yo no deseo trabajar.
I don’t want to work.
The verb gustar, which is used to express likes and dislikes, is different from other -ar verbs. The most common forms of this verb are gusta and gustan. Use a singular noun with gusta and a plural noun with gustan. Also, there is no subject pronoun (yo, tú,…) before gusta(n).
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Me gusta la historia.
I like history.
Me gustan las lenguas extranjeras.
I like foreign languages.
To say what you like, use me before gusta(n). To ask a friend what he/she likes, use te before gusta(n). To express dislikes, insert no before me or te.
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¿Te gusta la biologia?
Do you like biology?
No, no me gusta la biología.
No, I don’t like biology.
¿Te gustan las clases este semestre?
Do you like your classes this semester?
Si, me gustan las clases este semestre.
Yes, I like my classes this semester.
To talk about what you like and don’t like to do, use (no) me gusta + [infinitive].
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¿Te gusta bailar salsa?
Do you like to dance salsa?
Si, me gusta bailar salsa.
Yes, I like to dance salsa.
Forming questions in Spanish
Forming questions in Spanish
One way to ask questions is simply to raise the pitch of your voice at the end of a sentence. When writing a question, use an upside-down question mark (¿) at the beginning of a question and a regular question mark (?) at the end.
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Ustedes trabajan los sábados.
You work on Saturdays.
¿Ustedes trabajan los sabados?
Do you work on Saturdays?
Miguel regresa a las seis.
Miguel returns at six.
¿Ustedes trabajan los sabados?
Do you work on Saturdays?
¿Miguel regresa a las seis?
Does Miguel return at six?
You can also ask a question by placing the subject after the verb. The subject may be even be placed at the end of the sentence.
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Ustedes trabajan los sábados.
You work on Saturdays.
Miguel regresa a las seis.
Miguel returns at six.
¿Trabajan ustedes los sábados?
Do you work on Saturdays?
¿Regresa a las seis Miguel?
Does Miguel return at six?
Another way to ask questions is by adding ¿no? or ¿verdad? at the end of a statement. With negative statements, you may only add ¿verdad?
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Ustedes trabajan los sábados.
You work on Saturdays.
Ustedes trabajan los sábados, ¿no?
You work on Saturdays, don’t you?
Miguel regresa a las seis.
Miguel returns at six.
Miguel regresa a las seis, ¿verdad?
Miguel returns at six, right?
Tú no tomas biología, ¿verdad?
You don’t take biology, right?
¿Adónde?
Where (to)?
¿Cómo?
How?
¿Cuál?, ¿Cuáles?
Which?, Which one(s)?
¿Cuándo?
When
¿Cuánto/a?
How much?
¿Cuánto/as?
How many?
¿De dónde?
From where?
¿Dónde?
Where?
¿Por que?
Why?
¿Qué?
What?; Which?
¿Quién?
Who?
