4th Edition Spanish Ch. 12 Flashcards
Usted and ustedes commands
Usted and ustedes commands
Command forms are used to give orders or advice. Usted and ustedes can be used to refer to a group of people or in formal situations.
True
Hable con ellos, don Francisco.
Talk to them, Don Francisco.
Coma frutas y verduras.
Eat fruits and vegetables.
Laven los platos ahora mismo.
Wash the dishes right now.
Beban menos té y café.
Drink less tea and coffee.
The usted and ustedes commands (mandatos) are formed by dropping the final -o of the yo form of the present tense. For -ar verbs, add -e or -en. For -er and -ir verbs, add -a or -an.
True
Limpiar- to clean oneself
Limpio, limpie, limpien
Barrer- to sweep; to whisk
Barro, barra, barran
Sacudir-to shake; jerk; hit
Sacudo; sacuda; sacudan
Decir- to say; to tell
Digo; diga; digan
Pensar- to think
Pienso; piense; piensen
Volver- to return
Vuelvo; vuelva; vuelvan
Servir- to serve
Sirvo; sirva; sirvan
Verbs with irregular yo forms have the same irregularity in their Formal commands. These verbs include conducir, conocer, decir, hacer, ofrecer, oír, poner, salir, tener, traducir, traer, venir, and ver.
True
Oiga, don Francisco.
Listen, Don Francisco
Pongan la mesa, por favor.
Set the table, please.
¡Salga immediatamente!
Leave immediately!
Hagan la cama antes de salir.
Make the bed before leaving.
Stem-changing verbs maintain their stem changes in usted and ustedes commands.
True
Verbs ending in -car, -gar and -zar have a spelling change in the command forms.
True
Sacar- to take out
Saque; saquen
Jugar- to play
Juegue; jueguen
Almorzar- to lunch
Almuerce; almuercen
Dar- to give
Dé; den
Estar- to be
Esté; estén
Ir- to go
Vaya; vayan
Saber- to know how to do something
Sepa; sepan
Ser- to be
Sea; sean
To make a command negative, place no before the verb.
True
No ponga las maletas en la cama.
Don’t put the suitcases on the bed.
No ensucien los sillones.
Don’t get the armchairs dirty.
In affirmative commands, reflexive and object pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb. When a pronoun is attached to a verb that has two or more syllables, an accent mark is added.
True
Siéntense, por favor
Sit down, please.
Dígamelo
Tell me
Acuéstense ahora
Lie down now.
Pónganlas en el suelo, por favor.
Put them on t he floor, now.
In negative commands, the pronouns precede the verb.
True
No se preocupe
Do not worry
No me lo dé
Do not give me
No nos las traigan
We don’t bring
Usted and ustedes can be used after command forms for a more formal, polite tone.
True
Muéstrele usted la casa a su amigo.
Show the house to your friend.
Tomen ustedes esta alcoba.
Take this Bedroom.
The present subjunctive
The present subjunctive
The subjunctive mood expresses the speaker’s attitude toward events, actions, or states that the speaker views as uncertain or hypothetical.
True
Es bueno que estudies más.
It is good that you study more.
Es necesario que no lleguemos tarde.
It is necessary that we don’t arrive late.
The subjunctive is mainly used to express: 1) will and influence; 2) emotion; 3) doubt, disbelief, and denial; and 4) indefiniteness and nonexistence
True
The subjunctive is most often used in sentences that consist of a main clause and a subordinate clause. The main clause contains a verb or expression that triggers the use of the subjunctive in the subordinate clause. The word que connects the subordinate clause to the main clause.
True
Some expressions are always followed by clauses in the subjunctive.
True
Es bueno (malo, mejor) que…
It’s good (bad, better) that…
Es mejor que vayas con él
It’s better that you go with him.
Es importante (necesario, urgente) que…
It’s important (necessary, urgent) that…
Es urgente que sepa la verdad.
It’s urgent that she know the truth.
Hablar- to speak
Hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen
Comer- to eat
Coma, comas, coma, comamos, comáis, coman
Escribir- to write
Escriba, escribas, escriba, escribamos, escribáis, escriban
To form the present subjunctive of a regular verbs, drop the -o ending from the yo form of the indicative, and replace it with the subjunctive endings.
True
Hablar - hablo - hable
True
Comer - como - coma
True
Escribir - escribo - escriba
True
Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in all forms.
True
Sacar- to take out
Saque, saques, saque, saquemos, saquéis,
Saquen
Jugar- to play
Juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos, juguéis, jueguen
Almorzar- to have lunch
Almuerce, almuerces, almuerce, almorcemos, almorcéis, almuercen
-Ar and -er stem-changing verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as they do in the present indicative.
True
Pensar- to think
Piense, pienses, piense, pensamos, penséis, piensen
Mostrar- to show
Muestre, muestres, muestre, mostremos, mostréis, muestren
Entender- to understand
Entienda, entiendas, entienda, entendamos, entendáis, entiendan
Volver- to return
Vuelva, vuelvas, vuelva, volvamos, volváis, vuelvan
-Ir stem-changing verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as in the present indicative. In addition, the nosotros/as and vosotros/as forms also undergo a stem change. The unstressed e changes to i and the unstressed o changes to u.
True
Pedir- to ask
Pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidáis, pidan
Sentir- to regret
Sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintáis, sientan
Dormir- to sleep
Duerma, duermas, duerma, duramamos, durmáis, duerman
Verbs with irregular yo forms in the present indicative tense have the same irregularity in the present subjunctive.
True
Conducir- to drive
Conduzco - conduzca
Conocer- to know someone
Conozco - conozca
Decir- to say, to tell
Digo - diga
Hacer- to make
Hago - haga
Ofrecer-to offer
Ofrezco - ofrezca
Oír- to hear
Oigo - oiga
Parecer- to seem
Parezco - parezca
Poner-to put
Pongo - ponga
Tener- to have
Tengo - tenga
Traducir-to translate
Traduzco - traduzca
Traer- to bring
Traigo - traiga
Venir-to come
Vengo - venga
Ver-to see
Veo - vea
Dar- to give
Dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
Estar-to be
Esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
Ir- to go
Vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
Saber- to know how to do something
Sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
Ser- to be
Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence
Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence
The subjunctive is used with verbs of will and influence.
True
Verbs of will and influence are often used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people.
True
Verbs of will and influence are often used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people.
True
