4th Edition Spanish Ch. 12 Flashcards by M G

Usted and ustedes commands

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Command forms are used to give orders or advice. Usted and ustedes can be used to refer to a group of people or in formal situations.

True

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Hable con ellos, don Francisco.

Talk to them, Don Francisco.

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Coma frutas y verduras.

Eat fruits and vegetables.

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Laven los platos ahora mismo.

Wash the dishes right now.

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Beban menos té y café.

Drink less tea and coffee.

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The usted and ustedes commands (mandatos) are formed by dropping the final -o of the yo form of the present tense. For -ar verbs, add -e or -en. For -er and -ir verbs, add -a or -an.

True

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Limpiar- to clean oneself

Limpio, limpie, limpien

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Barrer- to sweep; to whisk

Barro, barra, barran

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Sacudir-to shake; jerk; hit

Sacudo; sacuda; sacudan

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Decir- to say; to tell

Digo; diga; digan

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Pensar- to think

Pienso; piense; piensen

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Volver- to return

Vuelvo; vuelva; vuelvan

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Servir- to serve

Sirvo; sirva; sirvan

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Verbs with irregular yo forms have the same irregularity in their Formal commands. These verbs include conducir, conocer, decir, hacer, ofrecer, oír, poner, salir, tener, traducir, traer, venir, and ver.

True

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Oiga, don Francisco.

Listen, Don Francisco

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Pongan la mesa, por favor.

Set the table, please.

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¡Salga immediatamente!

Leave immediately!

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Hagan la cama antes de salir.

Make the bed before leaving.

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Stem-changing verbs maintain their stem changes in usted and ustedes commands.

True

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Verbs ending in -car, -gar and -zar have a spelling change in the command forms.

True

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Sacar- to take out

Saque; saquen

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Jugar- to play

Juegue; jueguen

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Almorzar- to lunch

Almuerce; almuercen

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Dar- to give

Dé; den

Estar- to be

Esté; estén

Ir- to go

Vaya; vayan

Saber- to know how to do something

Sepa; sepan

Ser- to be

Sea; sean

To make a command negative, place no before the verb.

True

No ponga las maletas en la cama.

Don't put the suitcases on the bed.

No ensucien los sillones.

Don't get the armchairs dirty.

In affirmative commands, reflexive and object pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb. When a pronoun is attached to a verb that has two or more syllables, an accent mark is added.

True

Siéntense, por favor

Sit down, please.

Dígamelo

Tell me

Acuéstense ahora

Lie down now.

Pónganlas en el suelo, por favor.

Put them on t he floor, now.

In negative commands, the pronouns precede the verb.

True

No se preocupe

Do not worry

No me lo dé

Do not give me

No nos las traigan

We don't bring

Usted and ustedes can be used after command forms for a more formal, polite tone.

True

Muéstrele usted la casa a su amigo.

Show the house to your friend.

Tomen ustedes esta alcoba.

Take this Bedroom.

The present subjunctive

The subjunctive mood expresses the speaker's attitude toward events, actions, or states that the speaker views as uncertain or hypothetical.

True

Es bueno que estudies más.

It is good that you study more.

Es necesario que no lleguemos tarde.

It is necessary that we don't arrive late.

The subjunctive is mainly used to express: 1) will and influence; 2) emotion; 3) doubt, disbelief, and denial; and 4) indefiniteness and nonexistence

True

The subjunctive is most often used in sentences that consist of a main clause and a subordinate clause. The main clause contains a verb or expression that triggers the use of the subjunctive in the subordinate clause. The word que connects the subordinate clause to the main clause.

True

Some expressions are always followed by clauses in the subjunctive.

True

Es bueno (malo, mejor) que...

It's good (bad, better) that...

Es mejor que vayas con él

It's better that you go with him.

Es importante (necesario, urgente) que...

It's important (necessary, urgent) that...

Es urgente que sepa la verdad.

It's urgent that she know the truth.

Hablar- to speak

Hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen

Comer- to eat

Coma, comas, coma, comamos, comáis, coman

Escribir- to write

Escriba, escribas, escriba, escribamos, escribáis, escriban

To form the present subjunctive of a regular verbs, drop the -o ending from the yo form of the indicative, and replace it with the subjunctive endings.

True

Hablar - hablo - hable

True

Comer - como - coma

True

Escribir - escribo - escriba

True

Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in all forms.

True

Sacar- to take out

Saque, saques, saque, saquemos, saquéis, | Saquen

Jugar- to play

Juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos, juguéis, jueguen

Almorzar- to have lunch

Almuerce, almuerces, almuerce, almorcemos, almorcéis, almuercen

-Ar and -er stem-changing verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as they do in the present indicative.

True

Pensar- to think

Piense, pienses, piense, pensamos, penséis, piensen

Mostrar- to show

Muestre, muestres, muestre, mostremos, mostréis, muestren

Entender- to understand

Entienda, entiendas, entienda, entendamos, entendáis, entiendan

Volver- to return

Vuelva, vuelvas, vuelva, volvamos, volváis, vuelvan

-Ir stem-changing verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as in the present indicative. In addition, the nosotros/as and vosotros/as forms also undergo a stem change. The unstressed e changes to i and the unstressed o changes to u.

True

Pedir- to ask

Pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidáis, pidan

Sentir- to regret

Sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintáis, sientan

Dormir- to sleep

Duerma, duermas, duerma, duramamos, durmáis, duerman

Verbs with irregular yo forms in the present indicative tense have the same irregularity in the present subjunctive.

True

Conducir- to drive

Conduzco - conduzca

Conocer- to know someone

Conozco - conozca

Decir- to say, to tell

Digo - diga

Hacer- to make

Hago - haga

Ofrecer-to offer

Ofrezco - ofrezca

Oír- to hear

Oigo - oiga

Parecer- to seem

Parezco - parezca

Poner-to put

Pongo - ponga

Tener- to have

Tengo - tenga

Traducir-to translate

Traduzco - traduzca

Traer- to bring

Traigo - traiga

Venir-to come

Vengo - venga

Ver-to see

Veo - vea

Dar- to give

Dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den

Estar-to be

Esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén

Ir- to go

Vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan

Saber- to know how to do something

Sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan

Ser- to be

Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean

Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence

The subjunctive is used with verbs of will and influence.

True

Verbs of will and influence are often used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people.

True

Verbs of will and influence are often used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people.

True