4th Edition Spanish 2 Ch. 8 Flashcards
The conditional
The conditional
To express the idea of what would happen, use the conditional tense.
True
The conditional tense (el condicional) uses the same endings for all -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. For regular verbs, the endings are added to the infinitive.
True
Dar-to give
Daría, darías, daría, daríamos, daríais, darían
Ser- to be
Sería, serías, sería, seríamos, seríais, serían
Vivir- to live
Viviría, vivirías, viviría, viviríamos, viviríais, vivirían
Caber
Cabría, cabrías, cabría, cabríamos, cabríais, cabrían
Haber
Habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían
Poder
Podría, podrías, podría, podríamos, podríais, podrían
Querer
Querría, querrías, querría, querríamos, querríais, querrían
Saber
Sabría, sabrías, sabría, sabríamos, sabríais, sabrían
Poner
Pondría, pondrías, pondría, pondríamos, pondríais, pondrían
Salir
Saldría, saldrías, saldría, saldríamos, saldríais, saldrían
Tener
Tendría, tendrías, tendría, tendríamos, tendríais, tendrían
Valer
Valdría, valdrías, valdría, valdríamos, valdríais, valdrían
Venir
Vendría, vendrías, vendría, vendríamos, vendríais, vendrían
Decir
Diría, dirías, diría, diríamos, diríais, dirían
Hacer
Haría, harías, haría, haríamos, haríais, harían
Satisfacer
Satisfaría, satisfarías, satisfaría, satisfaríamos, satisfaríais, satisfarían
The conditional is used to express what would occur under certain circumstances.
True
En Venezuela, ¿qué lugar visitarías primero?
In Venezuela, which place would you visit first?
Iría primero a Caracas y después a la Isla Margarita.
First I would go to Caracas and then to Margarita island.
The conditional is also used to make polite requests.
True
Me gustaría cobrar este cheque.
I would like to cash this check.
¿Podría firmar aquí, en el reverso?
Would you please sign here, on the book?
In subordinate clauses, the conditional is often used to express what would happen after another action took place. To express what will happen after another action takes place, the future tense is used instead.
True
Conditional
Conditional
Creía que hoy haría mucho viento.
I thought it would be very windy today.
Future
Future
Creo que mańana hará mucho viento.
I think it will be very windy tomorrow.
In Spanish, the conditional may be used to express conjecture or probability about a past condition or event. English expresses this sense with expressions such as wondered, must have been, and was probably.
True
¿Qué hora era cuando regresó?
What time was it when he returned?
¿Cuánta gente había en la fiesta?
How many people were at the party?
Serían las ocho.
It must have been eight o’clock.
Habría como diez personas.
There were probably about ten people.
The conditional is also used to report statements made in the future tense.
True
Iremos a la fiesta.
We’ll go to the party.
Dijeron que irían a la fiesta.
They said they’d go to the party.
The past subjunctive
The past subjunctive
The past subjunctive (el imperfecto del subjuntivo) of all verbs is formed by dropping the -Ron ending from the ustedes/ellos/ellas form of the preterite and adding the past subjunctive endings.
True
Caminar- to walk
Caminara, caminaras, caminara, camináramos, caminarais, caminaran
Perder- to lose
Perdiera, perdieras, perdiera, perdiéramos, perdierais, perdieran
Vivir- to live
Viviera, vivieras, viviera, viviéramos, vivierais, vivieran
Estela dudaba de que su madre la ayudara a pagar un carro nuevo.
Estela doubted that her mother would help her pay for a new car.
Me extrañó que Ana renunciara después de tantos años.
I was surprised that Ana quit after so many years.
El asesor nos recomendó que financiáramos la deuda a largo plazo.
The consultant recommended that we financed the loan long-term.
Verbs that have stem changes, spelling changes, or irregularities in the ustedes/ellos/ellas form of the preterite also have them in all forms of the past subjunctive.
True
Pedir- to ask
Pidiera, pidieras, pidiera, pidiéramos, pidierais, pidieran
Sentir- to regret
Sintiera, sintieras, sintiera, sintiéramos, sintierais, sintieran
Dormir- to sleep
Durmiera, durmieras, durmiera, durmiéramos, durmierais, durmieran
Influir- to influence
Influyera, influyeras, influyera, influyéramos, influyerais, influyeran
Saber- to how how to do something
Supiera, supieras, supiera, supiéramos, supierais, supieran
Ir/ser- to be
Fuera, fueras, fuera, fuéramos, fuerais, fueran
In Spain, and some other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, the past subjunctive is commonly used with another set of endings (-se, -ses, -se, -semos, -seis, -sen). You will also see these forms in literary selections.
True
La señora Medina exigió que le mandásemos el contrato para el viernes.
Ms. Medina demanded that we send her the contract by Friday.
La señora Medina exigió que le mandáramos el contracto para el viernes.
Ms. Medina demanded that we send her the contract by Friday.
The past subjunctive is required in the same situations as the present subjunctive, except that the point of reference is always in the past. When the verb in the main clause is in the past subjunctive.
True
Present subjunctive
Present subjunctive
El jefe sugiere que vayas a la reunión.
The boss suggests that you go to the meeting.
Espero que ustedes no tengan problemas con el nuevo sistema.
I hope you won’t have any problems with the new system.
Buscamos a alguien que conozca bien La Bolsa.
We are looking for someone who knows the stock market well.
Les mando mi currículum en caso de que haya un puesto disponible.
I’m sending them my résumé in case there is a position available.
Past subjunctive
Past subjunctive
El jefe sugirió que fueras a la reunión.
The boss suggested that you go to the meeting.
Esperaba que no tuvieran problemas con el nuevo sistema.
I was hoping you wouldn’t have any problems with the new system.
Buscábamos a alguien que conociera bien La Bolsa.
We were looking for someone who knew the stock market well.
Les mandé mi currículum en caso de que hubiera un puesto disponible.
I sent them my résumé, in case there was a position available.
Use the past subjunctive after the expression como si (as if)
True
Alfredo gasta dinero como si fuera millonario.
Alfredo spends money as if he were a millionaire.
El presidente habló de la economía como si no hubiera una recesión.
The president talked about the economy as if there were no recession.
Ella rechazó mi opinión como si no importara.
She received my opinion as if it didn’t matter.
The past subjunctive is also commonly used with querer to make polite requests or to soften statements.
True
Quisiera que me llames hoy.
I would like you to call me today.
Quisiera hablar con usted.
I would like to speak with you.
Si clauses with simple tenses
Si clauses with simple tenses
So (if) clauses express a condition or event upon which another condition or event depends. Sentences with si clauses are often hypothetical statements. They contain a subordinate clause (Si clause) and a main clause (result clause)
True
The si clause may be first or second clause in a sentence. A comma is used only when the si clause comes first.
True
Si tienes tiempo, ven con nosotros.
If you have time, come with us.
Iré con ustedes si no llueve.
I’ll go with you if it doesn’t rain.
In hypothetical statements about conditions or events that are possible or likely to occur, the si clause uses the present indicative. The main clause may use the present indicative, the future indicative, or a + [infinitive] or a command.
True
Present tense
Present tense
Si salgo temprano del trabajo, voy al cine con Andrés.
If I leave work early, I’m going to the movies with Andrés.
Si usted no mejora su currículum, nunca conseguirá empleo.
If you don’t improve your résumé, you’ll never get a job.
Ir A + [infinitive]
Ir A + [infinitive]
Si la jefa me pregunta, no le voy a mentir.
If the boss asks me, I’m not going to lie to her.
Command
Command
Si hay algún problema, llámenos de inmediato.
If there is a problem, call us right away.
In hypothetical statements about current conditions or events that are improbable or contrary-to-fact, the si clause uses the past subjunctive. The main clause uses the conditional.
True
Past subjunctive
Past subjunctive
¡Si ustedes no fueran tan inútiles, ya lo tendrían listo!
If you all weren’t so incapable, you’d already have this ready!
Si sacaras un préstamo a largo plazo, pagarías menos al mes.
If you took out a long-term loan, you’d pay less each month.
Si no estuviera tan cansada, saldría a cenar contigo.
If, I weren’t so tired, I’d go out to dinner with you.
In statements that express habitual past actions that are not contrary-to-fact, both the si clause and the main clause use the imperfect.
True
Si Milena tenía tiempo libre, siempre iba a la playa.
If Milena had free time, she would always go to the beach.
Si mi papá salía de viaje de negocios, siempre me traía un regalito.
If my dad went on a business trip, he always brought me back a little present.
