4th Edition Spanish 2 Ch. 4 Flashcards
The subjunctive in noun clauses
The subjunctive in noun clauses.
The subjunctive (el subjuntivo) is used mainly in the subordinate (dependent) clause of multiple-clause sentences to express will, influence, emotion, doubt, or denial. The present subjunctive is formed by dropping the -o from the yo form of the present indicative and adding these endings.
True
Hablar- to speak
Hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen
Comer- to eat
Coma, comas, coma, comamos, comáis, coman
Escribir-to write
Escriba, escribas, escriba, escribamos, escribaís, escriban
Verbs with irregular yo forms show that same irregularity in all forms of the present subjunctive.
True
Conocer
Conozca
Decir
Diga
Hacer
Haga
Oír
Oiga
Poner
Ponga
Seguir
Siga
Tener
Tenga
Traer
Traiga
Venir
Venga
Ver
Vea
Verbs with stem changes in the present indicative show the same changes in the present subjunctive. Stem-changing -ir verbs also undergo a stem change in the nosotros/as and vosotros/as forms of the present subjunctive.
True
Pensar (e:ie)
Piense, pienses, piense, pensemos, penséis, piensen
Jugar (u:ue)
Juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos, juguéis, jueguen
Mostrar (o:ue)
Muestre, muestras, muestre, mostremos, mostréis, muestren
Entender (e:ie)
Entienda, entiendas, entienda, entendamos,
Entendáis, entiendan
Resolver (o:ue)
Resuelva, resuelvas, resuelva, resolvamos, resolváis, resuelvan
Pedir (e:i)
Pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidáis, pidan
Sentir (e:ie)
Sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintáis, sientan
Dormir (o:ue)
Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, durmáis, duerman
Dar
Dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
Estar
Esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
Ir
Vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
Saber
Sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
Ser
Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
Commands
Commands
Formal commands (mandatos) are used to give orders or advice to people you address as usted or ustedes. Their forms are identical to the present subjunctive forms for usted and ustedes.
True
Affirmative command
Affirmative command
Tomar
Tome (usted
Tomen (ustedes)
Volver
Vuelva (usted)
Vuelvan (ustedes)
Salir
Salga (usted)
Salgan (ustedes)
Negative command
Negative command
Tomar
No tome (usted) No tomen (ustedes)
Volver
No vuelva (usted) No vuelvan (ustedes)
Salir
No salga (usted) No salgan (ustedes)
Familiar commands are used with people you address es tú. Affirmative tú commands have the same form as the él, ella, and usted form of the present indicative. Negative tú commands have the same form as the tú form of the present subjunctive.
True
Affirmative command
Affirmative command
Viajar
Viaja
Empezar
Empieza
Pedir
Pide
Negative commands
Negative command
Viajar
No viajes
Empezar
No empieces
Pedir
No pidas
These verbs have irregular affirmative tú commands. Their negative forms are still the same as the tú form of the present subjunctive.
True
Decir
Di
Hacer
Haz
Ir
Ve
Poner
Pon
Salir
Sal
Ser
Sé
Tener
Ten
Venir
Ven
Nosotros/as commands are used to give orders or suggestions that include yourself as well as other people. In Spanish, nosotros/as commands correspond to the English let’s + [verb]. Affirmative and negative nosotros/as commands are generally identical to the nosotros/as forms of the present subjunctive.
True
Affirmative command
Affirmative command
Bailar
Bailemos
Beber
Bebamos
Abrir
Abramos
Negative command
Negative command
Bailar
No bailemos
Beber
No bebamos
Abrir
No abramos
The nosotros/as commands for ir and irse are irregular: vamos and vámonos. The negative commands are regular: no vayamos and no nos vayamos.
True
When object and reflexive pronouns are used with affirmative commands they are always attached to the verb. When used with negative commands, the pronouns appear between no and the verb.
True
Levántense temprano.
Wake up early.
Dime todo.
Tell me everything
No se levanten tarde.
Don’t wake up late.
No me digas nada.
Don’t tell me anything.
When pronouns nos or Se are attached to an affirmative nosotros/as command, the final S of the command form is dropped.
True
Sentémonos aquí
Let’s sit here.
Démoselo mañana.
Let’s give it to him/her tomorrow.
No nos sentemos aquī.
Let’s not sit here.
No se lo demos mañana.
Let’s not give it to him/her tomorrow.
The construction que + [subjunctive] can be used with a third-person form to express indirect commands that correspond to the English let someone do something. If the subject of the indirect command is expressed, it usually follows the verb.
True
Que pase el siguiente.
Let the next person pass.
Que lo haga ella.
Let her do it.
As with other uses of the subjunctive, pronouns are never attached to the conjugated verb, regardless of whether the indirect command is affirmative or negative.
True
Que se lo den José y Raquel.
Let José and Raquel give it to them.
Que lo vuelva a hacer Ana.
Let Ana do it again.
Que no se lo den José y Raquel.
Don’t let José and Raquel give it to them.
Que no lo vuelva a hacer Ana.
Don’t let Ana do it again.
Por and para
Por and para
Uses of para
Uses of para
El cirujano sale de su casa para la clínica a las ocho.
The surgeon leaves his house at eight to go to the clinic.
El resultado del análisis va a estar listo para mañana.
The test results will be ready by tomorrow.
El doctor usó un termómetro para ver si el niño tenīa fiebre.
The doctor used a thermometer to see if the boy had a fever.
El investigador descubrió una cura para la enfermedad.
The researcher discovered a cure for the disease.
La enfermera preparó la cama para doña Ángela.
The nurse prepared the bed for Doña Ángela.
Para su edad, goza de muy buena salud.
For her age, she enjoys very good health.
Para, mí, lo que tienes es gripe y no un resfriado.
To me, what you have is the flu, not a cold.
Mi hijo trabaja para una empresa farmacéutica.
My son works for a pharmaceutical company.
Expressions with para
Expressions with para
No estar para bromas
To be in no mood for jokes
No ser para tanto
To not be a big deal
Para colmo
To top it all off
Para que
So that
Para que (lo) sepas
Just so you know
Para siempre
Forever
Uses of por
Uses of por
Me quebré la pierna corriendo por el parque.
I broke my leg running through the park.
Estuvo en cama por dos meses.
He was in bed for two months.
Rezó por su hijo enfermo.
She prayed for her sick child.
El enfermero fue por un termómetro.
The nurse went to get a thermometer.
Consulté con el doctor por teléfono.
I consulted with the doctor by phone.
Cambiamos ese tratamiento por uno nuevo.
We changed from that treatment to a new one.
Tengo que tomar las pastillas cinco veces por día.
I have to take the pills five times a day.
La nueva política de salud pública fue anunciada por la prensa.
The new public health policy was announced by the press.
Por ahora
For the time being.
Por allí/aquí
Around there/here
Por casualidad
By chance
Por cierto
By the way
¡Por Dios!
For God’s sake!
Por ejemplo
For example
Por escrito
In writing
Por eso
Therefore; for that reason.
Por fin
Finally
Por lo general
In general
Por lo menos
At least
Por lo tanto
Therefore
Por lo visto
Apparently
Por más/mucho que
No matter how much.
Por otro lado/otra parte
On the other hand
Por primera vez
For the first time
Por si acaso
Just in case
Por supuesto
Of course
