4.6 - Motivation Flashcards
- Drive-Reduction Theory
refers to the idea that humans are motivated to reduce these drives, such as eating to reduce the feeling of hunger. This restores homeostasis, a steady internal state.
- Homeostasis
the body’s and mind’s tendency to maintain a state of balance and equilibrium, both internally and externally, despite external changes. This involves regulating internal variables like body temperature, blood sugar, and emotional states, as well as maintaining behavioral and social equilibrium.
- Arousal Theory
Driven by a need to either increase or decrease our physiological arousal level.
People have an “optimal” level of arousal which varies by person
Curiosity, as with kids and these monkeys, may be a way of increasing stimulation to reach an optimum arousal level.
- Yerkes-Dodson Law
Some arousal is necessary, high arousal is helpful on easy tasks but harmful for difficult tasks
- Self-Determination Theory
I determine what motivates me. It incorperates…
Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and incentive theory.
*Intrinsic Motivation
engaging in activities for their inherent satisfaction or enjoyment.
Internal, i want to do it.
Going to the gym.
*Extrinsic Motivation
refers to doing a behavior to receive reward from others.
walking my dog
- Incentive theory
argues in favor of motivation related to reward or extrinsic incentives.
- Instincts
behaviors are driven by innate, biological instincts that are fixed and universal within a species.
birds flying south
- Lewin’s Motivational Conflict Theory
choices create conflicts one must resolve as the basis of motivation
- Approach-Approach
occurs when an individual must choose between two equally desirable goals (win-win)
- Approach-Avoidance
arises when a single goal or option has both positive and negative aspects (win-lose)
- Avoidance-Avoidance
happens when an individual must choose between two equally undesirable options (lose-lose)
- Sensation-Seeking Theory
proposes that ones level of need for varied or novel experiences in the basis of motivation
- Experience seeking
pursuit of new experiences, such as traveling to exotic places or trying new hobbies
- Thrill or adventure seeking
desire for physically risky activities, such as skydiving or extreme parts
- Disinhibition
engaging in impulsive behaviors that may involve risk or a lack or self-control, such as using drugs or gambling
- Boredom susceptibility
is the tendency to feel dissatisfied in unstimulating or repetitive situations, such as non-stimulating careers or games.
- Eating motivation
motivated to eat food
- Ghrelin
appetite-stimulating hormones
- Leptin
appetite-suppressing hormones
- Hypothalamus
an area of the brain that produces hormones that control hunger
- Belongingness motivation
to belong in a group, be connected to others.
