3.7 - Classical Conditioning Flashcards
- Behavioral Perspective
Explains human behavior through observable actions and responses, rather than internal mental states. This perspective emphasizes that all behaviors are learned through interactions with the environment and shaped by reinforcement, punishment, and other external stimuli.
- Classical Conditioning
How it works: after repeated exposure to two stimuli occurring in sequence, we associate those stimuli with each other.
Result: our natural response to one stimulus now can be triggered by the new, predictive stimulus.
Stimulus 1: see lightning
Stimulus 2: hear thunder
Our response of covering ears from thunder becomes associated with lightning
- Acquisition
refers to the initial stage of learning/conditioning.
- Unconditioned Stimulus/response
a stimulus which triggers a response naturally,
before/without any conditioning
Dog food (stimulus) Dog salivates (response)
- Conditioned Stimulus/response
The dog begins to salivate upon hearing the tone (neutral stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus). the bell
- Neutral Stimulus
The bell/tone (N.S.) is repeatedly presented with the food (U.S.).
- Extinction
refers to the diminishing of a conditioned response. If the US (food) stops appearing with the CS (bell), the CR decreases.
- Spontaneous Recovery
a return of the conditioned response despite a lack of further conditioning
- Stimulus Discrimination
Ivan Pavlov conditioned dogs to drool at bells of a certain pitch; slightly different pitches did not trigger drooling. –responding differently to similar stimuli
- Stimulus Generalization
Ivan Pavlov conditioned dogs to drool when rubbed; they then also drooled when scratched. –responding the same way to similar stimuli
- Higher Order Conditioning
procedure in which the conditioned stimulus of one experiment acts as the unconditioned stimulus of another, for the purpose of conditioning a new neutral stimulus.
- Counterconditioning
refers to linking new, positive responses to previously aversive stimuli.
The goal is to associate a negative stimulus with a positive/relaxed stimulus/behavior, a state incompatible with fear.
(if dogs don’t like men you can give a dog a treat everytime with men)
- Taste Aversion
When you have a response to a food or drink that is negative and often results in getting sick–nausea, vomiting, etc.
- One-Trial Conditioning
The association can occur after a single pairing,
- Biological Preparedness
This helps explain how certain animals/humans are biologically predisposed to form certain associations more easily=survival
- Habituation
Habituation occurs when organisms grow accustomed to and exhibit a diminished response to a repeated or enduring stimulus.
Example: Downtown Madison and traffic/pedestrian noise at night
