3.4 - Cognitive Development Across the Lifespan

Question 1

Jean Piaget

Answer 1

Stages of cognitive development

Question 2

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 2

Birth to nearly 2
Experiencing world through senses and actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing and grasping)

Question 3

Object permanence
(Developmental phenomena of birth to nearly 2)

Answer 3

sensorimotor stage -
the understanding that objects and people continue to exist even when they are out of sight (peekaboo)

Question 4

Preoperational stage

Answer 4

2 to about 6/7
Representing things with words and images (using intuitive rather than logical reasoning)

Question 5

conservation
(developmental phenomena of 7-11)

Answer 5

Concrete operational stage -
a logical thinking ability that allows a person to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size

Question 6

reversibility
(developmental phenomena of 7-11)

Answer 6

Concrete operational stage -
the cognitive ability to understand that actions can be reversed, leading to the same or original state
if you pour water from a short, wide glass into a tall, narrow glass, the amount of water remains the same because you can pour it back into the original container

Question 7

animism
(developmental phenomena of 2-6/7)

Answer 7

Preoperational stage -
belief that “stuffed animals” have feelings and intentions

Question 8

egocentrism
(developmental phenomena of 2-6/7)

Answer 8

Preoperational stage -
unable to see things from other points of view, self centered, (think everyone likes football)

Question 9

theory of mind
(developmental phenomena of 2-6/7)

Answer 9

Preoperational stage -
Think from other points of view, see that other people have emotions and feelings.

Question 10

concrete operational stage

Answer 10

ages 7 to 11
Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations

Question 11

formal operational stage

Answer 11

12 through adulthood
abstract reasoning - designing experiments

Question 12

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 12

psychologist that created scaffolding and zone of proximal development

Question 13

scaffolding

Answer 13

This is the “support” a teacher/mentor/coach provides to help an individual progress or learn a skill
Example: Riding a bike: balance bike, training wheels, hold the seat, feet in position on pedals, run with them, away we go

Question 14

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 14

The “range” of which an individual doesn’t know something to where they can learn/develop a skill

Question 15

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 15

refers to accumulated wisdom, knowledge, expertise, and vocabulary
allows the old to make great contributions in literature.

Question 16

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 16

refers to the ability to think quickly and abstractly.
allows the young to make great contributions in mathematics

Question 17

Dementia

Answer 17

loss for memory, thinking, judgement, language, attention/concentration, reasoning and perception
alzheimers is the most common type of dementia